United States Department Of State

As the leading authority for health within the United Nations, the World Health Organization is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

Specifically, the WHO is the normative body for developing guidelines for HIV prevention and treatment.

In order to achieve and sustain HIV/AIDS epidemic control, PEPFAR works to ensure all countries rapidly adopt all relevant WHO policies and fully implement them at scale.

This is critical for addressing key impediments to health care access by the most vulnerable and poor, such as stigma and discrimination; formal and informal fees for health services; and sexual violence, including the alarming rates of violence faced by those ages 9-14 years.

What Is The World Health Organization?

The World Health Organization was first proposed in 1945 as a public health agency to be formed as part of the United Nations.

WHO’s research extends beyond personal health concerns to encompass issues that impact community health.

Communication: In the event WHO’s surveillance detects an emerging public health threat, the organization communicates the details to potentially affected Member States.

As an agency of the United Nations, WHO’s governing body – the World Health Assembly – includes representatives of every United Nations Member State.

WHO’s work in the U.S. includes providing public health surveillance data to inform decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Zika Virus In 2016, WHO and its Pan American Health Organization jointly rolled out a strategic response to combat the Zika virus throughout the Americas.

On a national level, while WHO can make data-backed recommendations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the U.S. agency that can actually implement public health decisions for the country.

What Does The World Health Organization Do?

The World Health Organization is the UN agency charged with spearheading international public health efforts.

Its primary activities include developing partnerships with other global health initiatives, conducting research, setting norms, providing technical support, and monitoring health trends around the world.

WHO delegates set the agency’s agenda and approve an aspirational budget each year at the World Health Assembly.

In Ethiopia, Tedros himself was accused of downplaying cholera outbreaks while he was the country’s health minister.

In an extraordinary crisis, the WHO can declare a public health emergency of international concern, which it has done six times: during the 2009 swine flu epidemic; in reaction to a reversal of progress in eradicating polio in 2014; amid the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa; during the 2016 Zika virus outbreak in the Americas; once the ongoing Ebola epidemic reached the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2019; and amid the global outbreak of the new coronavirus in 2020.

As it has done in past health crises, the WHO is providing medical and technical guidance as its experts continue to investigate the virus, particularly new variants, as well as coordinating with world leaders on their national responses.

Responding to some of these criticisms, the organization instituted several reforms intended to improve its responses, including the creation of a reserve force of public health workers and a $100 million emergency fund.

Important International Organisations For UPSC Exam

The World Health Organisation is a specialized agency of the United Nations that looks into matters of public health.

To evaluate the world’s response to Coronavirus pandemic, Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response has been created by the World Health Organisation.

Facts about WHO for UPSC. At the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, Szeming Sze, a delegate from the Republic of China, proposed the creation of an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations.

On May 19, 2020, India was elected by the 73rd World Health Assembly to the Executive Board of the World Health Organisation for three years.

By playing a role as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.

To address the social and economic determinants of health through policies and programs “That enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches”.

The WHO Country Cooperation Strategy – India has been jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the GOI and the WCO. Its chief aim is to contribute to improving health and equity in the country.

The Global Role Of The World Health Organization

The World Health Organization plays an essential role in the global governance of health and disease; due to its core global functions of establishing, monitoring and enforcing international norms and standards, and coordinating multiple actors toward common goals.

Global health governance requires WHO leadership and effective implementation of WHO’s core global functions to ensure better effectiveness of all health actors, but achieving this global mission could be hampered by narrowing activities and budget reallocations from core global functions.

9 Examples of such functions range from a World Health Organization 2001 World Health Day focus on mental health as a global health priority, to WHO’s promotion of international ethics and human rights through international legal instruments, and to WHO leadership in developing global norms and standards such as the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the WHO International Sanitary Regulations.

16.In the late 1990s, a group of international health scholars and practitioners gathered in Pocantico, New York for a retreat on “Enhancing the Performance of International Health Institutions” to examine whether the institutional structure in international health was sufficient for a 21st century of global health interdependence.

Despite the emerging consensus that a number of global health issues require distinctly global health solutions, especially in the areas of global surveillance, norms and advocacy, coordination of new global players, and international health law,22 thinking at WHO under the previous Lee administration reflected a move in the opposite direction.

Of the thirteen strategic goals, the seventh goal is “To address the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programs that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches.”28.Under Margaret Chan’s leadership, WHO must engage in the global health arena with a stronger hold on its role in integrating, coordinating and convening the global health agenda.

Such work is consistent with a general consensus that improving global health in the 21st century will require multilateral coordination and cooperation among states through both international legal and non-legal instruments and with a major role for WHO as convener, coordinator and channel for codifying future health laws.37.In conclusion, progress on WHO’s unfinished global health agenda requires emphasizing its uniquely global health functions.

History, Organization, & Definition Of Health

World Health Organization, French Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1948 to further international cooperation for improved public health conditions.

Although it inherited specific tasks relating to epidemic control, quarantine measures, and drug standardization from the Health Organization of the League of Nations and the International Office of Public Health at Paris, WHO was given a broad mandate under its constitution to promote the attainment of “The highest possible level of health” by all peoples.

WHO defines health positively as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Each year WHO celebrates its date of establishment, April 7, 1948, as World Health Day.With administrative headquarters in Geneva, governance of WHO operates through the World Health Assembly, which meets annually as the general policy-making body, and through an Executive Board of health specialists elected for three-year terms by the assembly.

The director general is supported by a deputy director general and multiple assistant directors general, each of whom specializes in a specific area within the WHO framework, such as family, women’s, and children’s health or health systems and innovation.

The agency acted as a worldwide information centre on the illness, providing regular situation reports and media briefings on its spread and mortality rates; dispensing technical guidance and practical advice for governments, public health authorities, health care workers, and the public; and issuing updates of ongoing scientific research.

Joe Biden, on the latter’s first day in office in January 2021.In its regular activities WHO encourages the strengthening and expansion of the public health administrations of member nations, provides technical advice to governments in the preparation of long-term national health plans, sends out international teams of experts to conduct field surveys and demonstration projects, helps set up local health centres, and offers aid in the development of national training institutions for medical and nursing personnel.

Later directors general of WHO included physician and former prime minister of Norway Gro Harlem Brundtland, South Korean epidemiologist and public health expert Lee Jong-Wook, and Chinese civil servant Margaret Chan.

What Is The World Health Organization, And What Does It Do?

US President Donald Trump has frozen the US contribution to funding for the World Health Organization, blaming – controversially – the organization’s “China-centric” nature and criticising it for not drawing the world’s attention to the COVID-19 outbreak earlier.

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations.

It was inagurated following the second world war on 7 April 1948 – a date now celebrated as World Health Day.

It performs a multitude of roles globally, including advocating for universal healthcare, monitoring public health risks, setting health standards and guidelines, coordinating international responses to health emergencies, fighting infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis, and promoting better nutrition, housing and sanitation in the name of overall well-being.

“It is my belief that the World Health Organization must be supported, as it is absolutely critical to the world’s efforts to win the war against COVID-19.”.

How true are the charges that the WHO was slow to react to early reports of coronavirus? Many note that the WHO announced a public health emergency on 30 January, almost two months before most Western nations began locking down, while Tedros warned these same nations about “Alarming levels of inaction”.

In developing nations the WHO does vital year-round work expanding healthcare, improving maternal health, rolling out vaccination programmes and propping up weak healthcare systems.

DocuSign Stock Forecast, Price & News

DocuSign, Inc. provides cloud-based electronic signature solutions.

Its cloud based electronic signature platform helps companies and individuals securely collect information, automate data workflows and sign anything.

The firm automates manual, paper-based processes allowing users to manage all aspects of documented business transactions including identity management, authentication, digital signature, forms and data collection, collaboration, workflow automation and storage.

DocuSign Stock Price, News & Info

DocuSign has been steadily growing since before the pandemic with no end in sight.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending September 30, 2021.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending June 30, 2021.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending September 30, 2020.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending June 30, 2020.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending April 30, 2020.

DOCU earnings call for the period ending September 30, 2019.

Diversified Trust Co Purchases 228 Shares Of DocuSign, Inc.

Diversified Trust Co grew its position in shares of DocuSign, Inc. by 14.1% in the 4th quarter, according to the company in its most recent Form 13F filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission.

The institutional investor owned 1,842 shares of the company’s stock after acquiring an additional 228 shares during the quarter.

Diversified Trust Co’s holdings in DocuSign were worth $281,000 as of its most recent filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission.

Amundi Pioneer Asset Management Inc. now owns 375,624 shares of the company’s stock valued at $19,473,000 after acquiring an additional 61,824 shares in the last quarter.

BRITISH COLUMBIA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Corp now owns 34,550 shares of the company’s stock valued at $9,659,000 after acquiring an additional 5,667 shares in the last quarter.

JMP Securities decreased their price target on DocuSign from $320.00 to $307.00 and set an “Outperform” rating for the company in a report on Friday, December 3rd. JPMorgan Chase & Co. downgraded DocuSign from a “Neutral” rating to an “Underweight” rating and set a $175.00 price target for the company.

In a report on Friday, December 3rd. Piper Sandler upped their price target on DocuSign from $175.00 to $200.00 and gave the stock a “Neutral” rating in a report on Thursday, January 6th. Morgan Stanley decreased their price target on DocuSign from $165.00 to $121.00 and set an “Equal weight” rating for the company in a report on Thursday, February 24th. Finally, Needham & Company LLC downgraded DocuSign from a “Buy” rating to a “Hold” rating in a report on Friday, December 3rd. One analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, eight have issued a hold rating and ten have assigned a buy rating to the company’s stock.

NCAA Division I Men’S Basketball Tournament

The NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, to determine the national championship.

When eighth ranked Marquette declined its invitation in 1970 after coach Al McGuire complained about the Warriors’ regional placement and instead went to the NIT, the NCAA changed the rule to forbid a team that declines an NCAA Tournament bid from participating in any post-season tournament.

On September 12, 2016, the NCAA stripped the State of North Carolina of hosting rights for seven upcoming college sports tournaments and championships held by the association, including early round games of the 2017 NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament scheduled for the Greensboro Coliseum.

CBS has been the major partner of the NCAA in televising the tournament since 1982, but there have been many changes in coverage since the tournament was first broadcast in 1969.

The NCAA tournament has undergone dramatic expansion since 1975, and since the tournament was expanded to 48 teams in 1980, no unbeaten teams have failed to qualify.

For additional information about a particular year’s tournament, click on the year to go directly to that year’s NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament or go to the main article.

The filling out of a tournament bracket has been referred to as a “National pastime.” Filling out a tournament bracket with predictions is called the practice of “Bracketology” and sports programming during the tournament is rife with commentators comparing the accuracy of their predictions.

Las Vegas Visitor Statistics And Tourism Figures 2022

It’s little wonder that Las Vegas is a hub for tourists and visitors.

Just how huge is tourism in the city? We took a look at Las Vegas visitor statistics and travel demand and here’s all the facts and figures you need about the scale of Vegas tourism.

In 2019, Las Vegas attracted a phenomenal 42.5 million tourists.

The 25% of Brits who want to visit Las Vegas makes Sin City the third most popular choice behind New York and Los Angeles.

Data from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitor Authority goes back to 1970 and covers visitor statistics, those visiting for conventions and figures around hotel room inventory and occupancy.

In 1970, there were 6.7 million visitors to Las Vegas.

What these Vegas visitor statistics show is that Las Vegas is a city whose popularity with tourists surges year after year after year.

AeroControlex

These are the ingredients for success in the aerospace market and AeroControlex continues to improve this formula over time.

AeroControlex strives to meet the demanding requirements of the aerospace industry, and has been doing so on every major commercial and military airframe over the past 60 years.

Our pumps, mechanical actuators, air data sensors and water purification systems are recognized as having the engineering, quality, and performance necessary for continued success.

AeroControlex Group

AeroControlex products are backed by a strong legacy of performance.

AeroControlex designs and manufactures highly engineered fuel, hydraulic and lubrication pumps, mechanical controls and gear box actuators.

Our progressive approach with over 70 years of aerospace experience to identify and engineer value-added, cost effective, productive solutions for its customers.

Through detailed analysis and extensive testing, AeroControlex provides reliable aerospace product solutions that enhance system performance, maximize equipment utilization, and add value to our customer’s operations.

AeroControlex blends innovative design with advanced and patented technologies to develop products that meet customer requirements and exceed their expectations.

We work closely with our customers to design and manufacture engineered products that satisfy the rigorous requirements of the aerospace industry.

Every process, every procedureQuality is at the core of AeroControlex.

Rockwell Collins

In 2001, the avionics division of Rockwell International was spun off to form the current Rockwell Collins, Inc, retaining its name.

After facing financial difficulties, the Collins Radio Company was purchased by Rockwell International in 1973.

In August 2013, Rockwell Collins announced the agreement to purchase ARINC. On December 23, 2013, Rockwell Collins announced it had completed its acquisition of ARINC for $1.4 billion.

As a result of the acquisition, a newly created direct or indirect subsidiary of Rockwell, Quarterback Merger Sub Corp., merged with and into B/E Aerospace, with the latter surviving the merger as a direct or indirect subsidiary of Rockwell Collins.

I&SS provides a common service to both CS and GS divisions, and its formation was announced on the Rockwell Collins press release web page on February 19, 2010.

The Collins Collectors Association and the Collins Radio Association are two examples of such organizations.

In December 2019, CNBC listed Rockwell Collins along with 378 additional Fortune 500 companies that “Paid an effective federal tax rate of 0% or less” as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

About Us

A SHARED LEGACY. Collins Aerospace, created by the 2018 combination of UTC Aerospace Systems and Rockwell Collins, has helped shape the aerospace and defense industry in pivotal ways for more than a century.

Founded as a radio company in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1933, Rockwell Collins left its mark on history, from establishing communications with Rear Admiral Richard Byrd at the South Pole to helping forge today’s global positioning system.

UTC Aerospace Systems was formed in Charlotte, North Carolina, in 2012 when United Technologies Corporation acquired Goodrich and combined it with the company’s existing Hamilton Sundstrand division.

From the propeller that powered Amelia Earhart’s nonstop flight across the Atlantic to generations of space suits for U.S. astronauts, the company redefined the industry with cutting-edge solutions.

Both Rockwell Collins and UTC Aerospace Systems also contributed to remarkable moments in space exploration.

UTC Aerospace Systems designed the space suits worn by America’s first astronauts during the Mercury program, and Rockwell Collins provided the communications equipment used by every American astronaut traveling through space.

As Collins Aerospace, the combined talents of both organizations are committed to honoring their strong legacy while creating comprehensive strategies to propel its customers and the industry toward the future, every day.

What Is A Pitot Tube And How Does It Measure Air Flow?

Although the pitot tube is one of the simplest flow sensors, it is used in a wide range of flow measurement applications such as air speed in racing cars and Air Force fighter jets.

In industrial applications, pitot tubes are used to measure air flow in pipes, ducts, and stacks, and liquid flow in pipes, weirs, and open channels.

How does a pitot tube work? Pitot tubes were invented by Henri Pitot in 1732 to measure the flowing liquid or air velocity.

A single-port pitot tube can measure the flow velocity at only a single point in the cross-section of a flowing stream.

The pitot tube can be made less sensitive to flow direction if the impact port has an internal bevel of about 15°, extending about 1.5 diameters into the tube.

A calibrated, clean and properly inserted single-port pitot tube can provide ±1% of full scale flow accuracy over a flow range of 3:1; and, with some loss of accuracy, it can even measure over a range of 4:1.

To improve accuracy, a hexagonal cell-type flow straightener and a flow nozzle can be installed upstream of the area-averaging pitot flow sensor.

Pitot Tube

This page shows a schematic drawing of a pitot tube.

Several small holes are drilled around the outside of the tube and a center hole is drilled down the axis of the tube.

The center hole in the tube is kept separate from the outside holes and is connected to the other side of the transducer.

The pitot tube is mounted on the aircraft so that the center tube is always pointed in the direction of travel and the outside holes are perpendicular to the center tube.

The center tube is pointed in the direction of travel and is pressurized by both the random and the ordered air velocity.

The pressure in this tube is the total pressure discussed in Bernoulli’s equation.

Errors in the instrument could be greater than the measurement! So pitot tubes don’t work very well for very low velocities.

What Does A Pitot Tube On An Aircraft Do?

Pitot tubes are integral to the function of an aircraft and must remain clean and clear, especially during usage.

A blocked pitot tube will result in incorrect airspeed readings and endanger all personnel on the flight.

When not in use, pitot tubes should be covered and attached with a “Remove Before Flight” tag.

A tube left without covers is at risk of being contaminated by dirt, ice, small animals, or insects.

Failure to properly maintain pitot tubes will always lead to negative consequences like flight delays, emergency landings, or at worst, catastrophic aircraft failures.

Ground crews and aircraft mechanics should always keep the status of an aircraft’s pitot tubes in mind during pre-flight preparations.

Aviation maintenance technicians are critical to the success and safety of flights.

Pitot Tubes

A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid flow velocity by converting the kinetic energy in a fluid flow to potential energy.

With it’s possible to calculate the flow velocity in point 1 – the free flow upstream – if we know the differential pressure difference Δp = p2 – p1 and the density of the fluid.

For other units and reference liquids – like mm Water Column – check Velocity Pressure Head. The Pitot Tube.

The pitot tube is a simple and convenient instrument to measure the difference between static, total and dynamic pressure.

Note that as indicated in the diagram above – pitot tubes are not suited for low velocity flow.

The point velocities can be used to calculate the average velocity that can be used to estimate the flow.

2%, 8%, 15%, 23%, 34%, 66%, 77%, 85%, 92% and 98%. For smaller ducts the the average velocity can be estimated to 81% of centerline velocity.

Pitot Tube Working Principle

The Pitot tube is named after Henri Pitot who used a bent glass tube to measure velocities in a river in France in the 1700s.

The below animation shows the basics for a Pitot tube, where a pressure is generated in a tube facing the flow, by the velocity of the fluid.

When the flow rate through the pipe changes, the pressures at the total pressure tube and static pressure tube varies with respect to the flow velocities.

In practice, two tubes inserted into a pipe would be cumbersome, and a simple Pitot tube will consist of one unit as shown in Below Figure.

Because the simple Pitot tube only samples a single point, and, because the flow profile of the fluid varies across the pipe, accurate placement of the nozzle is critical.

The averaging Pitot tube was developed with a number of upstream sensing tubes to overcome the problems associated with correctly siting the simple type of Pitot tube.

Advantages of the Pitot tube Presents little resistance to flow.

b. The purpose of the LaRC FOD Prevention Program is to prevent injury to personnel and to prevent damage to critical hardware, experiments, systems, aircraft, and facilities through proper classification of FOD areas, training of personnel, and implementing appropriate FOD prevention and detection techniques.

FOD REPRESENTATIVES FOD Representatives shall: a. Maintain a listing of all FOD-sensitive areas, and their classifications, under their responsibility and provide the list, and any subsequent changes, to the FOD Program Manager.

e. Conduct FOD area assessments with FOD Representatives by evaluating sitespecific FOD inspection checklists, FOD/tool control logs, and FO/FOD incident reports.

FOD Awareness Areas For FOD Awareness Areas, the following control techniques shall be implemented: a. FOD Awareness signs shall be posted.

FOD Control Areas For FOD Control Areas, the following control techniques shall be implemented: a. FOD Control signs shall be posted.

May 21, 2020 LPR 5310.1C FOD Critical Areas For FOD Critical Areas, the following control techniques shall be implemented: a. FOD Critical signs shall be posted.

Any location designated as either a FOD Awareness Area, a FOD Control Area, or a FOD Critical Area.

d. Each Center Project that designs, tests, or manufactures flight hardware will establish a FOD prevention program in accordance with MSFC-STD-3598, Standard for Foreign Object Damage/Foreign Object Debris Prevention, to identify FOD sensitive hardware and implement measures to prevent FOD. e. Center Projects will designate facilities where FOD sensitive hardware is present as FOD Sensitive Areas in accordance with MSFC-STD-3598.

A Project FOD Focal Point / FOD Monitor, and an Alternate FOD Monitor shall be designated for each FOD sensitive area containing hardware.

d. FOD Site Managers shall coordinate with the MSFC FOD Focal Point and Project FOD Focal Point / FOD Monitor to determine the appropriate FOD Controls required.

e. The Project FOD Focal Point and the FOD Monitor, who can be the same person, shall coordinate with the MSFC FOD Focal Point and FOD Site Manager to establish FOD Control procedures in accordance with MSFC-STD-3598.

f. The Manager, MAF Operations Office, or designee, shall designate a MAF FOD Focal Point to coordinate FOD prevention measures in accordance with MSFC-STD-3598, perform Facilities Management and Logistics for FOD prevention, coordinate Project FOD Control Programs and Project FOD measurement, trending, and feedback data.

h. The Director, Safety and Mission Assurance Directorate, or designee, shall consider the potential for FOD damage to components/hardware in Safety Hazard Analyses and provide feedback to the MSFC FOD Focal Point, FOD Site Manager and the Project FOD Focal Point / FOD Monitor.

C.3 FOD prevention records – FOD prevention records including FOD database metrics, FOD incident reports, and FOD feedback are maintained by FOD Focal points in accordance with applicable temporary program/project record retention requirements and any governing Organizational Issuances.

Foreign Object Damage

The term FOD is used to describe both the foreign objects themselves, and any damage attributed to them.

Internal FOD is damage or hazards caused by foreign objects inside the aircraft.

Some military aircraft [which?]had a unique design to prevent FOD from damaging the engine.

Another interesting design to minimize the risk of FOD is the Antonov An-74 which has a very high placement of the engines.

Airbus engineers are investigating a novel approach to reducing FOD. By developing, in conjunction with Israel Aerospace Industries, the Taxibot, a tractor controlled by the pilot, aircraft will not need to use jet engines while taxiing, and therefore they will not be vulnerable to FOD on aprons or taxiways.

In the United States, the most prominent gathering of FOD experts has been the annual National Aerospace FOD Prevention Conference.

The author of the new report says “Readers are cautioned not to rely on or in the future refer to numbers from the 2007-08 Insight SRI paper The Economic Cost of FOD to Airlines. This earlier effort was ‘The’ first document detailing the direct and indirect cost of FOD that was based on airline maintenance data.”

The goal of the FOD Prevention Program is to prevent and eliminate FOD. The FOD Prevention Program applies to all LM Aeronautic activities throughout development, design, procurement, assembly/build, delivery, and support of our products.

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 15 How the Policy Is Put Into Practice Clean As You Go is always in effect FOD is an issue in all areas Each site is divided into four FPA types: Non-Designated- Most basic; includes office areas FOD Awareness – No final close-out entrapment FOD Control – Higher potential for entrapment FOD Critical – Most sensitive areas Highest risk areas require more prevention Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 16 FOD Areas and Requirements Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 17 FOD Prevention Areas All LM Aeronautics Sites/Programs use the progressive approach to FOD Risk Mitigation utilizing Area Designations to specify the level of controls required to ensure a FOD Free Product.

Unassigned items are logged in/out Housekeeping and clean-as-you-go standards are strictly enforced Lockheed Martin provided Personal Packs may be used Must be FOD certified to enter or escorted by someone with a current FOD certification No food and drink are allowed Dress code, including jewelry, strictly enforced Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 22 Specific Procedures for Personal Tool Control used in FOD Designated Areas The organization or program responsible for bringing a contractor or vendor on site is responsible for ensuring the contractor or vendor develops and works to a FOD control Plan.

Identify the POC for all FOD control issues FOD Control and FOD Critical designations should be temporarily declassified during maintenance or construction work.

Upon completion of the work complete a thorough FOD walk of the work area(s), then contact the program FOD manager or FOD Site Lead for areas inspection and to reestablish the FOD designation.

Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 23 Specific Procedures for Personal Tool Control used in FOD Designated Areas If the scope of work changes after the FOD Plan has been approved, then a new FOD Plan must be submitted and approved before the “New” work can start.

The LM Aero representative overseeing contractors to ensure compliance with the terms of the contract, purchase order or other authorizing documents, ESH and FOD procedures will coordinate with the program FOD representative to ensure a suitable method of tool accountability is established prior to working in a FOD Control or Critical area Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company 24 Visitor Guidelines Visitors to FOD Control and FOD Critical areas must be escorted at all times! Individuals being escorted must comply with area guidelines.

Foreign Object Debris

FOD is any object that does not belong in or near airplanes and, as a result, can injure airport or airline personnel and damage airplanes.

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and International Civil Aviation Organization require a daily, daylight inspection of airplane maneuvering areas and removal of FOD. In addition to performing these inspections at the beginning of the day or shift, personnel on the airside should look for FOD during their normal shifts.

COORDINATIONAirports with a FOD committee of airport tenant representatives tend to control FOD more successfully than those without such a committee because the representatives can address local conditions and specific problems.

Contractors must fully understand the requirements and penalties incorporated in their contracts regarding the control and removal of FOD. FAA Advisory Circulars 150/5380-5B, Debris Hazards at Civil Airports, and 150/5370-2C, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction, provide excellent guidelines for coordinating day-to-day FOD prevention during construction.

FOD AND MAINTENANCE COSTSThe effect of Foreign Object Debris on maintenance costs can be significant.

Purchase cost of MD-11 engine $8-10 millionPurchase cost of MD-80 engine $3-4 millionMD-11 engine overhaul to correct FOD damage $500,000-1.6 millionMD-80 engine overhaul to correct FOD damage $250,000-1.0 millionMD-11 fan blades $25,000MD-80 fan blades $7,000*Fan blades are balanced and replaced as a set.

Pens, coins, identification badges, hats, soda cans, paperwork, and any other object that airport or airline personnel carry can become FOD if inadvertently left in an inappropriate location.

Shine: Establishing general cleanliness and cleaning routines/schedules Standardize: Maintaining and monitoring the 1st three S’s, and keeping consistency across areas Safety: Removing hazards and mistake proofing procedures Sustain: Embedding “6S” into the culture, and instilling discipline 4.4 FOD Prevention Area Identification: FOD Prevention Areas must be clearly identified by signage and/or boundary markers.

If required, temporary FOD Prevention Areas can be established or existing FOD Prevention Area controls and/or levels may change given the approval of local management.

See Figure 1 for FOD Prevention Area signage and basic definitions 4.4.1 FOD Prevention Area(s) The following areas within the site/facility are designated as FOD Prevention Areas: 1.

To be controlled and each area’s sensitivity level, temporary areas need not be added to your FOD Prevention Plan) See Figure 2 for layout/floor plan 4.5 Packaging, Handling, Storage & Transportation: Inadequate or improper packaging coupled with unclean movement containers or fixtures can allow the introduction of FOD into products during normal movement and inspection of an assembly through an area or between areas or sites.

4.7.1 Incident Reporting Criteria: An incident report is required when one or more of the following criteria are met: Damage to hardware or equipment is identified and confirmed to be caused by an unknown source of FOD. FOD that is visible to the unaided eye is discovered in a FOD Sensitive Product after the operation in which it was introduced has been completed, during a time when one would expect the product to be FOD free.

4.8 FOD Walk s / Walk Downs / Sweeps: A walk down is an informal activity where local personnel physically walk through a FOD Prevention Area to inspect the area cleanliness and remove loose or unwanted items.

FOD Program POC: o Phone: o Pager: Local Area Manager:(Insert Name) o Phone: o Pager: Add additional POCs and/or information as necessary 7.0 Figures & Tables 7.1 FOD Product Sensitive Area Signs The signs/sensitivity levels below are provided as an example.

Foreign Object Damage Prevention Program

AS9100 requires an organization to have provisions for the prevention, detection, and removal of foreign objects.

Boeing uses the following documents for definition of a FOD program.

For Boeing contracts issued under Defense Contract Management Agency provisions, Policy 8210-1, “Contractor’s Flight and Ground Operations” applicable sections addressing FOD. AS9146 is published by SAE International.

NAS 412 is a National Aerospace Standard developed and published through the Aerospace Industries Association.

International Aerospace Quality Group Deployment Support website material that relates to AS9146:2017.

Foreign Object Damage material in the IAQG/SCMH Section 3.4 handbook.

Oceanology International 2022

Oceanology International brings together 500+ exhibitors in the only event that links the three key players in the industry: businesses, academics and government.

Visit us on Stand F300 to find out about our live on-water demonstrations and our latest innovations for crewed and uncrewed vehicle platforms, seafloor and structure surveillance, and remotely connected, over-the-horizon missions.

Communication techniques originally developed for terrestrial wired and wireless channels need significant modifications to suit underwater channels.

In particular, the throughput in a non-compensated delay-spread channel is limited to be less than 1/Ts, where Ts is the length of the delay spread. Thus, in the highly reverberant ocean acoustic channel the data rate can be very low, and it is natural that researchers in ocean propagation would consider how to increase throughput for communications.

Through the 1980s phase coherent communication was used almost exclusively for deep-water vertical links, but in the early 1990s phase coherent communication in multipath channels began to attract attention, as incoherent methods were limited to a bandwidth efficiency of approximately 0.5 bits per Hz. The desire for more throughput in a physical channel with little bandwidth naturally lead to interest in adaptive equalization to combat the effects of multipath, and these efforts are described in detail below.

III. UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES A. Challenges posed by the Channel High-speed communication in the underwater acoustic channel has been challenging due to a number of reasons.

Some researchers model the shallow water channel as a Rayleigh fading channel but others challenge that assumption, especially when discrete arrivals can clearly be seen in the channel response.

A. Channel Equalization The shallow water acoustic communication channel is characterized by a long delay spread and a high Doppler spread. Coherent modulation schemes such as phase shift keying along with adaptive decision feedback equalizers and spatial diversity combining have been shown to be an effective but computationally complex way of communication in such channels.

The authors observe that in the physical and MAC layers, adaptive modulation and power control are the keys to maximizing both channel capacity and channel efficiency and RTS/CTS handshaking permits that, along with addressing, ranging and channel estimation.

Underwater Acoustic Communication

Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages below water.

Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation, time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and strong signal attenuation, especially over long ranges.

Compared to terrestrial communication, underwater communication has low data rates because it uses acoustic waves instead of electromagnetic waves.

In general the modulation methods developed for radio communications can be adapted for underwater acoustic communications.

Some of the modulation schemes are more suited to the unique underwater acoustic communication channel than others.

OFDM is a favorable communication scheme in underwater acoustic communications thanks to its resilience against frequency selective channels with long delay spreads.

In April 2017, NATO’s Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation announced the approval of JANUS, a standardized protocol to transmit digital information underwater using acoustic sound.

Design of a Digital communication system utilizing acoustic signals for underwater applications is a very challenging field due to the extremely complex nature of the underwater channel.

Aim of the Paper: With the requirements as discussed above, the aim of the paper is to design a Digital Acoustic Underwater Communication System with the specific requirements as stated below: a) The system should be robust as regards the underwater channel and should be able to effectively counter the effects of strong multi-path and time varying nature.

B) The system should have an effective bit rate comparable to and in excess of similar systems currently in use c) The range of operation to be at least 1 km and with depths of minimum 300m. 1.2 The total work of research and implementation was divided in the following phases: PhaseI – The Design: The design of the under water communication channel is to be translated into code using MATLAB for preliminary testing and modifications.

Section 3: Bit Error Rate Simulation For the simulation, a frequency selective channel is model as follow: LAYOUT OF THE REPORT Design of a communication system requires a complete understanding of the channel in which the system to operate and its effects.

2 THE CHANNEL UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC The underwater acoustic communication channel is extremely complex in nature.

Trials on Simulated Channel 4.2 Channel Model: An underwater acoustic communication channel, as discussed in Chapter 3, has the four main characteristics Multi-path phenomenon Transmission Loss Additive Noise Doppler Effects Any channel model of the underwater medium needs to incorporate the above four features.

The hypothetical channel considered for the purpose of simulation has the following characteristics: Channel length 2000 m Depth of channel 300 m Transducers depth 50 m Loss due to bottom / surface bounce 3 dB Under the above conditions, there can be multiple paths between the transmitter and the receiver.

Because propagation is best supported at low frequencies, acoustic communication systems are inherently wideband.

Acoustic propagation is best supported at low frequencies, and the bandwidth available for communication is extremely limited.

An acoustic system may operate in a frequency range between 10 and 15 kHz.

The worst properties of radio channels-poor physical link quality of a mobile terrestrial radio channel and high latency of a satellite channel-are combined in an underwater acoustic channel.

As the history of underwater acoustic communications testifies, major advances in signal processing were made when the physical nature of propagation was respected through proper channel modeling.

Another important observation to be made is that the acoustic bandwidth is centered at low frequencies.

The acoustic bandwidth B is often on the order of its center frequency fc , which makes an acoustic communication system inherently wideband.

Underwater Communications

There is substantial interest in the design and deployment of underwater acoustic communication networks.

Even though a number of acoustic modems to be used to create these networks are currently available as commercial and academic projects, these existing modems suffer from a major drawback; they are expensive, costing thousands to tens of thousands of dollars.

In many application scenarios, including coral reefs, autonomous drifter swarms, and shallow water moorings, cost plays a significant role in the ability to use acoustic modems.

The additional money required to develop a wireless thermistor chain is substantial when the acoustic modem costs an order of magnitude more than the individual temperature sensor.

A low cost, short range, wireless underwater modem will fill a significant void in aquatic technology, and provide substantial opportunities for building novel underwater sensor networks.

Underwater acoustic modems consist of three main components: 1.

The analog front end consisting of an underwater transducer and matching pre-amp and amplifier for acoustic communication, 2.

Long-Range Underwater Acoustic Communication

Long range underwater acoustic communication is a decisive milestone for very long cruising AUVs deployment.

Concomitant with increased interest and importance in marine resources exploration, marine environmental surveillance and underwater military defenses, demand on underwater communication capable of collecting multifarious underwater information from oceans has recently increased.

A communication network for underwater information transmission may be implemented by installing a sensor node capable of performing transmission/reception of underwater information under underwater environments, and by obtaining and controlling underwater information from the sensor node.

Very long-range underwater acoustic communication is crucial for long cruising autonomous underwater vehicles.

Because of underwater communication environments using ultrasonic waves, the underwater communication network is relatively smaller in bandwidth of signal that is transmitted than the land communication, and signal attenuation relative to distance is also very large.

When the demand on underwater information obtainment using underwater communication network increases, the number of sensor nodes performing communication in the underwater also increases.

When communication is performed using a plurality of frequencies in the conventional underwater communication network, and when the number of sensor nodes wanting to perform a communication in the water is greater than the allocated frequency, the underwater sensor nodes as many as the number exceeding the allocated frequency cannot transmit or receive a signal.

Acoustic Communication Milica Stojanovic and Pierre-Philippe Beaujean P REFACE In this chapter, we discuss acoustic communication methods that are used to provide wireless connection between remote nodes operating in an underwater environment.

The following list is by no mean exhaustive, but covers the main factors that should be used in selecting an underwater acoustic modem: Application: The user should always keep the application in mind, when selecting an acoustic modem.

Data rate: underwater acoustic modems designed to operate very reliably in challenging environments, on moving platforms and over distances of several kilometers typically operate under 1000 bps; in less challenging environments, acoustic modems can operate at data rates well over 1000 bps.

3 Range: for the most part, the maximum operational range of an underwater acoustic modem depends on the operating frequency band of the acoustic modem, power, signaling, environment, transducer directivity.

At low frequencies, commercial acoustic modem achieve reliable acoustic communications beyond 10 km horizontally albeit at a low data rate.

To guarantee an error-free communication link, the acoustic modem must include a Quality of Service feature, typically in the form of an Automated Retransmission Query process implemented between two acoustic modems [?]. This operation requires a communication protocol that includes acknowledgments and may dramatically reduce the overall data rate.

Several underwater acoustic modems also include longbaseline and/or ultra-short baseline acoustic positioning capability.

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First Aid Only

Originally founded in 1988 by Mark Miller in Vancouver, Washington, First Aid Only was a solution to produce a better first aid kit for the average consumer than the options available at the time.

After noticing the lack of quality of first aid kits available for home and business use, First Aid Only was founded in 1988.

In its search for product innovation and improvement of delivery mechanisms for first aid products, First Aid Only acquired First Aid Exchange in 2006.

First Aid Exchange owned the rights to SmartCompliance, a first aid solution that makes it convenient for organizations to remain compliant with OSHA as well as ANSI standards.

Shortly after the acquisition, Acme United started making capital investments in First Aid Only’s Vancouver facility, both through mechanization and staffing increases.

Acme United has been in the first aid business for over 40 years and was a competitor of First Aid Only with its PhysiciansCare and Pac-Kit brands.

The three brands are among the top-10 producers of first aid kits in the United States, and they accounted for 35% of Acme United’s total sales in 2014.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Continuous positive airway pressure is a type of positive airway pressure that is used to deliver a set pressure to the airways that is maintained throughout the respiratory cycle, during both inspiration and expiration.

Continuous positive airway pressure is a type of positive airway pressure, where the air flow is introduced into the airways to maintain a continuous pressure to constantly stent the airways open, in people who are breathing spontaneously.

Positive end-expiratory pressure is the pressure in the alveoli above atmospheric pressure at the end of expiration.

CPAP differs from bilevel positive airway pressure where the pressure delivered differs based on whether the patient is inhaling or exhaling.

These pressures are known as inspiratory positive airway pressure and expiratory positive airway pressure.

Some CPAP units also come with a timed pressure “Ramp” setting that starts the airflow at a low level and slowly raises the pressure to the set level that may make it more comfortable and easier to which to become accustomed.

APRV Pressure cycles with superimposed Spontaneous Breathing Airway pressure release ventilation is a form of continuous positive airway pressure.

NHLBI, NIH

If your doctor prescribes CPAP over other treatment options for your sleep apnea, your insurance will work with a medical device company to provide you with a CPAP machine and the disposable mask and tube.

After using your machine for a while, your doctor and possibly your insurance company will want to check the data card from your machine to confirm that you are using your CPAP device and to see if the machine and its pressure settings are working to reduce or eliminate apnea events while you sleep.

For the treatment to work, you should use your CPAP machine every time you sleep at home, while traveling, and during naps.

Getting used to using your CPAP machine can take time and requires patience.

You may have to work with your sleep doctor to find the most comfortable mask that works best for you, to try the humidifier chamber in your machine, or to use a different CPAP machine that allows multiple or auto-adjusting pressure settings.

If you experience stomach discomfort or bloating, you should stop using your CPAP machine and contact your doctor immediately.

Your doctor can help you find ways to relieve these symptoms and adjust to using your CPAP machine.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Continuous positive airway pressure is a type of positive airway pressure, where the air flow is introduced into the airways to maintain a continuous pressure to constantly stent the airways open, in people who are breathing spontaneously.

Positive end-expiratory pressure is the pressure in the alveoli above atmospheric pressure at the end of expiration.

CPAP is a way of delivering PEEP but also maintains the set pressure throughout the respiratory cycle, during both inspiration and expiration.

CPAP differs from bilevel positive airway pressure where the pressure delivered differs based on whether the patient is inhaling or exhaling.

These pressures are known as inspiratory positive airway pressure and expiratory positive airway pressure.

In CPAP no additional pressure above the set level is provided, and patients are required to initiate all of their breaths.

It can also indirectly aid in ventilation, although CPAP alone is often inadequate for supporting ventilation, which requires additional pressure support during inspiration for non-invasive ventilation.

How does CPAP work? CPAP produces positive air pressure that keeps your airway open.

1 How do I get started with CPAP? Choosing a mask Talk to your insurance company When choosing a mask, think about how you move and breathe while you sleep.

Some things you should ask include: Which home medical equipment are in my network? Which suppliers CPAP machines are covered? What’s the cost for the CPAP machine, and do I buy the machine or do I rent it? What are the costs on replacement supplies? Meet with an HME provider After your doctor prescribes CPAP, you will meet with an HME provider who will help you fit your new equipment and answer questions about using it.

Living with CPAP long-term The only way to get the full benefit of CPAP therapy is to use it every time you sleep.

2 Tips for adjusting to CPAP To treat your sleep apnea, you need to use CPAP every night and every time you take a nap.

Talking with your doctor about CPAP therapy The table below lists the most common potential benefits, risks, and alternatives for CPAP therapy.

Possible benefits Risks and possible complications Alternatives Benefits of consistent CPAP therapy can include: CPAP therapy is extremely safe.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

The largest randomized trial involving CPAP was theCanadian Positive Airway Pressure for Patients with Central Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure, which involved 258 patients over a mean and maximum follow-up of 24 and 64 months, respectively.

CPAP therapy primarily works by providing a pneumatic splint to the collapsible muscular structure of the upper airway in the treatment of SRBD. Another mechanism of the action for CPAP is thought to be increased functional residual capacity of the lungs.

Did not support the notion of increased FRC as a factor in overcoming OSA. In the treatment of CSA, CPAP is thought to reverse the activation of upper airway receptors, which cause reflex central apnea when the airway collapses, particularly in the supine position.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing : A General Approach Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Stroke RiskTwo of the largest RCTs to date, theRandomized Intervention With CPAP in Coronary Artery Disease and Sleep Apnea69 andSleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints57 trials, failed to show that treatment of OSA with CPAP reduces the risk of recurrent or new-onset cardiovascular events, including stroke.

Automatically adjusting positive airway pressure is similar to CPAP, but instead of delivering a constant pressure, APAP adjusts delivered pressure breath to breath.

Bilevel respiratory-assist devices deliver alternating levels of positive airway pressure and may be considered an alternative therapeutic option when standard CPAP is not tolerated or when oxygen saturation is not raised sufficiently with standard CPAP. In some cases of severe OSA, supplemental oxygen can be used in conjunction with CPAP therapy.

53 The differential pressure between the esophagus and stomach increases with CPAP. Finally, CPAP causes a disproportionate increase in LES pressure compared to esophageal and gastric pressures.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

To eliminate snoring and prevent sleep apnea, your doctor may recommend a device called a continuous positive airway pressure machine.

A CPAP machine delivers just enough air pressure to a mask to keep your upper airway passages open, preventing snoring and sleep apnea.

Noninvasive Ventilation

NIV is under study for new indications, such as hypoxemic acute respiratory failure and immunosuppressed hypoxemic patients, as well as to hasten weaning from mechanical ventilation and to avoid reintubation after unsuccessful extubation of the trachea.

The use of NIV may be of value in highly selected ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and during weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Some patients may have relative contraindications to NIV or respiratory failure of such severity that they should be immediately assessed for invasive ventilation.

115,116 Non-randomised studies have reported improvements in respiratory acidosis and respiratory rate following the introduction of NIV, and low requirements for invasive ventilation.

As in mechanical ventilation, NIV is also classified for curative and prophylactic treatment, and for a group between them.90 Both noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and CPAP can be used in all clinical situations.

In general, NIV aims to achieve the advantages of mechanical ventilation to provide adequate oxygenation and gas exchange, without carrying its risks.

100 As a general rule, if no improvement in oxygenation is observed after 15 to 30 minutes after NIV initiation, invasive mechanical ventilation should be considered.

NONINVASIVE VENTILATION INTRODUCTION Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is defined as the delivery of pressurized, oxygen enriched gas to the airway via the nose and/or oropharynx without an invasive device such as an endotracheal intubation, a tracheostomy or a laryngeal mask airway.

There have been limited pediatric studies demonstrating a benefit in acute respiratory failure due to pneumonia, bronchiolitis, asthma and acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease PHYSIOLOGY An increase in mean airway pressure recruits atelectatic alveoli improving alveolar gas exchange and decrease the work of breathing.

Patients should be monitored closely for mental status, vomiting, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and end tidal CO2.

Pressure > 25 cm H20 cause gastric distension Start EPAP at 2-4 cm H20 Increase to 5-10 cm H20 as needed Pressure support is the difference between IPAP and EPAP. IPAP should exceed EPAP by at least 2 cm H20 to ensure appropriate flow CPAP – CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE CPAP delivers a constant level of pressure support without regard to the respiratory cycle.

CPAP SETTINGS Pressure is usually started at 5 cm H20 Increased by 1 cm H20 as needed and tolerated Typical levels are 5-10 cm H20 with a maximum of 15 cm H20 HHFNC: HUMIDIFIED HIGH FLOW NASAL CANNULA Warm and humidified nasal oxygen is better-tolerated than normal wall oxygen.

HHFNC SETTINGS Infants – Start at 2-4 liters/min Increase as needed and tolerated to 8 Liters/min Older children and Adults – Up to 40 liters/min NIPPV: NASAL INTERMITTENT POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION NIPPV can be thought of as bi-level CPAP. It provides a baseline pressure and intermittent higher pressures.

The higher pressure is set at a preset rate to decrease work of breathing and is not coordinated to the patients breathing efforts.

Non-Invasive Ventilation: Explanation & Process

What is this article about? Non-invasive ventilation is used to meet the respiratory demands of patients presenting to hospital with symptoms such as breathlessness or hypoxia.

With an increase of patients experiencing respiratory symptoms in light of the current pandemic, it is particularly important to be well-informed about this treatment and how to safely provide it.

Noninvasive Ventilation: Overview, Methods Of Delivery, General Considerations

In its simplest terms, noninvasive ventilation differs from invasive ventilation by the interface between the patient and the ventilator.

While orofacial masks and nasal masks are the most commonly used interfaces, other patient ventilator interfaces through which noninvasive ventilation can be applied include mouthpieces, nasal pillows, total face masks, and even a helmet device, which encompasses the entire head. Experience with helmet devices is limited but increasing, and it has been successful in patients who are unable to tolerate the nasal or orofacial devices.

Most patients who are provided noninvasive ventilation are provided support with pressure ventilation, with continuous positive airway pressure, which is the most basic level of support.

The following provides some guidance on titration of ventilator settings in patients with respiratory distress and who have never been placed on noninvasive ventilation.

Importantly, recognize that certain parameters may predict successful noninvasive ventilation or failure of noninvasive ventilation, so that patients are not subjected to continued treatment when optimal treatment requires intubation and mechanical ventilation.

The changes, in turn, are a reflection of the patient’s ability to cooperate with noninvasive ventilation, patient-ventilatory synchrony, and noninvasive ventilation effectiveness.

Trials of noninvasive ventilation are usually 1-2 hours in length and are useful to determine if a patient can be treated with noninvasive ventilation.

Duration Of Noninvasive Ventilation Is Not A Predictor Of Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Acute Exacerbation Of COPD And Respiratory Failure

Noninvasive ventilation is proven to be effective in the majority of patients with acute exacerbation COPD complicated with respiratory failure.

In particular, we wondered whether duration of NIV among those who eventually failed was associated with poor outcomes.

Additional chart review was performed to collect NIV setting parameters on presentation to the MICU. Clinical outcome variables collected included outcome and duration of NIV, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, MICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Patients had mean pH of 7.20 0.54 and PaCO2 of 70.3 28.7 on presentation; 323 patients were successfully weaned off NIV; 47 patients failed NIV and required invasive mechanical ventilation.

APACHE III score was higher among patients who failed NIV. In the subset of 47 patients who failed NIV requiring intubation, duration of NIV was 25.0 58.8 h. Multivariate regression analysis yielded a model consisting of APACHE III score and body mass index as predictive variables for NIV failure.

Duration of NIV was not associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients who failed NIV. Conclusions: NIV is successful in preventing invasive mechanical ventilation in majority of patients with acute respiratory failure due to COPD. Patients with worse clinical status at presentation are more likely to fail NIV and require mechanical ventilation.

In the subgroup of patients who failed NIV, duration of NIV prior to intubation was not associated with poor clinical outcomes.

What Are The Types Of Noninvasive Ventilation? Positive And Negative Pressure

Invasive ventilation: The type of ventilation where oxygen is delivered to your lungs through a tube inserted into your nose or throat that goes into your windpipe.

Noninvasive ventilation: Noninvasive ventilation is the administration of ventilatory support without using an invasive artificial airway.

What are the advantages of noninvasive ventilation?

Two types of positive pressure ventilation are used in sleep apnea-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Bilevel Positive Pressure(BiPAP).

The most commonly used noninvasive ventilation is a positive-pressure type.

What are the complications of noninvasive ventilation?

Nava S, Hill N. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure.

What Is Non-Invasive Ventilation?

The medical term non-invasive is used to describe any procedure where neither the skin is cut nor surgery is required.

Non-invasive ventilation is a procedure where the throat has not been cut to insert a tracheal breathing tube.

For people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, emphysema, or a degenerative muscular disease, non-invasive ventilation mechanically assists in breathing until either the inflammation of the airway is reduced or it is determined that more drastic measures are required to continue breathing.

Generally, the earliest known non-invasive ventilator, called the body ventilator, was created by John Dalziel in 1838.

The 1930s saw the advancement of non-invasive ventilation applications when Alvan Barach discovered continuous positive airway pressure could be useful in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema, thereby replacing the body tanks with more mobile systems.

Sometime in the 1960s, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation began to be administered at night and as needed during the daytime, and successfully treated patients with muscular diseases across the United States.

The non-invasive ventilation systems required patients to wear large masks over their mouths; many patients reported discomfort with the fit of the mask and unease at wearing them in public.

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SPACs in Hong Kong: How does this new listing regime work?

Stock Connect allows international and Mainland Chinese investors to trade securities in each other’s markets through the trading and clearing facilities of their home exchange.

Keep up-to-date with operational status of our key platforms in Hong Kong, and find quick links to HKEX’s market trading hours and trading calendar.

Updated list of CBBCs in which trading has been suspended due to a mandatory call event.

Overview, History, Structure

The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Hong Kong Exchange and Clearing Limited and the leading regulator of issuers in Hong Kong and Mainland China.

The Hong Kong Stock Exchange traces its origin to the Association of Stockbrokers in Hong Kong, established in 1891 and renamed in 1914.SummaryThe Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the third-largest stock exchange in Asia by its aggregate market capitalization.

The Hong Kong Stock Exchange is Asia’s third-largest stock exchange based on Market Capitalization.

The Hong Kong Stock Exchange can be traced back to 1891 when the Association of Stockbrokers in Hong Kong was established as the first formal stock exchange.

The rapid growth of Hong Kong’s economy triggered the emergence of other exchanges – i.e., the Kam Ngan Stock Exchange, the Far East Exchange, and the Kowloon Stock Exchange.

Its formation stemmed from progressive integration of the derivative markets and securities, which saw the creation of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, the Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited, and their clearinghouses.

A dual-class structure means that a company offers two typesThe New York Stock Exchange is the largest securities exchange in the world, hosting 82% of the S&P 500, as well as 70 of the biggest.

Didi Plummets 42% And Extends Pain For Chinese Stocks As It Halts Plan To List Shares On Hong Kong Exchange

Though its ride hailing app was recently banned by Chinese regulators, causing its stock to plummet, Didi Chuxing had the biggest IPO of 2021 so far.

VCG/Getty Images Didi stock plunged 42% on Friday after it reportedly halted plans to list its shares on Hong Kong’s exchange.

The drop in Didi helped drag down other Chinese stocks like Alibaba and JD.com on Friday.

Shares of China-based ride hailing app Didi plunged as much as 42% to a record low on Friday following a Bloomberg report that the company is halting plans to list its shares in Hong Kong.

The move comes after Didi failed to appease Chinese regulators in an ongoing cybersecurity probe, as the country demands the company overhaul systems used to house sensitive user data, Bloomberg reported, citing people familiar with the matter.

The Friday downturn in Didi extended an ongoing decline in Chinese stocks, which were under pressure on Thursday after the SEC identified five Chinese companies that could be delisted if they don’t allow US-based accountants to audit their financials.

Didi went public on the New York Stock Exchange last summer in a move, angering Chinese regulators who had given last-minute warnings not to move ahead with the planned IPO. The company has since announced plans to delist its stock from the New York Stock Exchange and relist in Hong Kong.

NIO Inc. Successfully Listed On The Main Board Of The Stock Exchange Of Hong Kong

SHANGHAI, China, March 09, 2022 – NIO Inc., a pioneer and a leading company in the premium smart electric vehicle market, today announced that it has successfully listed, by way of introduction, its Class A ordinary shares on the Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited.

The Shares are traded on the Main Board of SEHK under the stock code “9866” in board lots of 10 Shares, and the stock short name is “NIO-SW”. The Company’s American depositary shares, each representing one Share, remain primarily listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

The Shares listed on the Main Board of the SEHK are fully fungible with the ADSs listed on the NYSE. “Thanks to the trust of our users, the commitment of our colleagues, and the support of our investors and partners, NIO has successfully listed on the SEHK,” said William Bin Li, founder, chairman and chief executive officer of NIO. “While the automotive industry is going through rapid transformation, we will continue to make innovations in technologies, bring superior products and experiences to our users, and create long-term value for our investors.”

About NIO Inc. NIO Inc. is a pioneer and a leading company in the premium smart electric vehicle market.

NIO designs, develops, jointly manufactures and sells premium smart electric vehicles, driving innovations in next-generation technologies in autonomous driving, digital technologies, electric powertrains and batteries.

NIO differentiates itself through its continuous technological breakthroughs and innovations, such as its industry-leading battery swapping technologies, Battery as a Service, or BaaS, as well as its proprietary autonomous driving technologies and Autonomous Driving as a Service, or ADaaS. NIO launched the ES8, a seven-seater flagship premium smart electric SUV in December 2017, and began deliveries of the ES8 in June 2018 and its variant, the six-seater ES8, in March 2019.

NIO launched the ES6, a five-seater high-performance premium smart electric SUV, in December 2018, and began deliveries of the ES6 in June 2019.

Nio To Make Secondary Listing On Hong Kong Exchange

Chinese electric vehicle maker Nio Inc. has received approval from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange for a secondary listing of its Class A ordinary shares.

The new listing is not an attempt to raise capital through the issue of new shares.

Nio’s shares will continue to trade on the New York Stock Exchange as well.

Nio shares on the HKG will also be fully fungible with its American Depository Shares trading on the NYSE. Nio shares on the NYSE are down by 34% this year, closing at $22.84 at market close on Feb. 28, 2022.

Nio makes three types of electric vehicles: the flagship ES8, a six-seater or seven-seater premium smart electric SUV; the ES6, a five-seater high-performance premium smart electric SUV; and the EC6, a five-seater premium electric coupe SUV. The EV market is in its early stages, and Nio, a manufacturer of premium smart electric vehicles, will have to show its ability to quickly adopt innovations and next-generation technologies in autonomous driving, electric powertrains, and batteries while also controlling its operating costs and improving its margins.

Talks of listing on the Hong Kong Exchange have been around for a year.

In March 2021, shares of three Chinese EV makers-Li Auto Inc., Xpeng Inc., and Nio-jumped on the news of new listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that were to raise $5 billion in total.

The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited and the Securities and Futures Commission take no responsibility for the contents of this document, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this document.

IMPORTANT TRACKER FUND OF HONG KONG a Hong Kong unit trust authorized under Section 104 of the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong Stock Code: 2800 NOTICE TO UNITHOLDERS Reference is made to the Notice to Unitholders issued on 11 January 2021 in relation to the executive order 13959 signed by the President of the United States of America “Addressing the Threat from Securities Investments that Finance Communist Chinese Military Companies” on 12 November 2020 and its implication to Tracker Fund of Hong Kong and the Unitholders.

We, State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, the manager of TraHK, are writing to inform you that TraHK will resume investments in Sanctioned Entities that are constituent companies of the Hang Seng Index with effect from 14 January 2021.

As disclosed in the Prospectus, TraHK’s investment objective is to provide investment results that closely correspond to the performance of the Hang Seng Index.

The Manager seeks to achieve this investment objective by investing all, or substantially all, of TraHK’s assets in shares of constituent companies of the Hang Seng Index in substantially the same weightings as they appear in the Hang Seng Index.

As a result of the Executive Order, TraHK is not appropriate for U.S. Persons to invest.

Unitholders who have any questions concerning this notice may contact State Street Global Advisors Asia Limited, as the Manager of TraHK, at telephone number +852 2103 0100.

Stock Exchange: Hong Kong Heavy In Startup, Loses 3.27%

Heavy start for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, on fears of the uncertainties of the Ukraine-Russia war: the Hang Seng index marks a drop of 3.27% in the early stages, at 20,207.

BEIJING, MARCH 11 – Heavy start for the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, on fears of the uncertainties of the Ukraine-Russia war: the Hang Seng index marks a drop of 3.27% in the early stages, at 20,207.

The Shanghai Composite Index dropped 1.49% to 3,247.03 points, while the Shenzhen Composite Index dropped 1.78%, slipping to 2,122.48..

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Global Industry Analysts Predicts The World ECG Cable And ECG Lead Wires Market To Reach $2 Billion By 2026

The emergence of ECG monitoring systems having wireless technology is expected to have a transformative effect on the market.

Amid the COVID-19 crisis, the global market for ECG Cable and ECG Lead Wires estimated at US$1.6 Billion.

This segment currently accounts for a 33.6% share of the global ECG Cable and ECG Lead Wires market.

By 2026The ECG Cable and ECG Lead Wires market in the U.S. is estimated at US$651.

Is forecast to grow at approximately 4.4% CAGR while Rest of European market will reach US$101.

By 2026The reusable segment leads the market due to its ease-of-use and the cost factor associated with the reusability of cables and lead wires.

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Definition Of Limbs By The Free Dictionary

An extension or a projecting part, as of a building or mountain range.

a. An extension or part distinguished from the main body or group: the conservative limb of the party.

b. A member or representative of a group: was arrested by a burly limb of the law.

Limbsashtanga – Sanskrit for “Having eight parts”-referring to the eight limbs or sutras of yoga; ashtanga yoga is also known as power yoga.

Basket case – Originally slang denoting a soldier who had lost all four limbs, thus unable to move independently.

Stretch – Originally meant “Lengthening the limbs” or making them stiffer by stretching.

Hurkle, hurple – To hurkle or hurple is to draw one’s limbs in and scrunch up the shoulders in reaction to the cold or in a storm.

Definition Of Limbs By Medical Dictionary

Artificial limb a replacement for a missing limb; see also prosthesis.

The ascending portion of an arterial pulse tracing; called also anacrotic limb.

The descending portion of an arterial pulse tracing; called also catacrotic limb.

Lower limb the limb of the body extending from the gluteal region to the foot; it is specialized for weight-bearing and locomotion.

Phantom limb the sensation, after amputation of a limb, that the absent part is still present; there may also be paresthesias, transient aches, and intermittent or continuous pain perceived as originating in the absent limb.

Upper limb the limb of the body extending from the deltoid region to the hand; it is specialized for functions requiring great mobility, such as grasping and manipulating.

One of the paired jointed extremities of the body; an arm or a leg.

Limbs Legal Definition Of Limbs

As I have already described similar scenes, it will be sufficient to say that at length, after great toil and great dangers, we both stood with no limbs.

“One, two, tree, four, fibe – I done pass fibe big limb., massa, pon dis side.”As Tarzan approached, the beast turned, snarling, toward him, struggling to extricate itself; but one great limb.

The lightning is not quicker than was the flame from the rifle of Hawkeye; the limbs.

Child!” replied Isaac, somewhat heated, “thou knowest not what thou speakest His neck and limbs.

Are his own, but his horse and armour belong to Holy Jacob!He was on his feet in an instant and, leaping with the agility of the monkey he was, he gained the safety of a low limb.

I saw the arrow leap up, miss Lop-Ear, glance against a limb.

It’s hid in mighty particular places, Huck – sometimes on islands, sometimes in rot- ten chests under the end of a limb.

What Does LIMBS Stand For? The Free Dictionary

To my surprise and joy he recovered himself, and disentangling his limbs.

From the fractured branches, he peered out from his leafy bed, and shouted lustily,It was of about the same diameter as the entrance at the foot of the tree, and opened directly upon a large flat limb.

The helmsman steered, the ship moved on; Yet never a breeze up blew; The mariners all ‘gan work the ropes, Were they were wont to do: They raised their limbs.

The hopelessness of the attempt has been expressly admitted by Owen in his most interesting work on the ‘Nature of Limbs.

Her shape was not only exact, but extremely delicate: and the nice proportion of her arms promised the truest symmetry in her limbs.

The quick eyes of the Mohicans caught the dark line of his lower limbs.

”Once it fell about the short neck of Horta, the boar, and his mad lunge for freedom toppled Tarzan from the overhanging limb.

Idioms By The Free Dictionary

The crocodiles attacked the wading zebras and tore them limb from limb.

There’s nothing wrong with politicians going out on a limb sometimes and risking their reputation.

If you are out on a limb or are on a limb, you are alone and without any help or support.

If someone threatens to tear you limb from limb, they say they will kill you in a very violent way.

A related expression is go out on a limb , meaning ‘take a risk’ or ‘act boldly and uncompromisingly’.

Tear someone limb from limb violently dismember someone.

Tear somebody ˌlimb from ˈlimb attack somebody very violently: Julian looked so angry that I thought he was going to tear his brother limb from limb.

Article About Limbs By The Free Dictionary

An arm or leg, or the analogous part on an animal, such as a wing.

a. the expanded upper part of a bell-shaped corolla.

b. the expanded part of a leaf, petal, or sepal.

A flat metal ring divided by lines into equal parts of circumference.

It is the most important part of instruments used in measuring angles; it gives a reading of the magnitude of the angle.

The circular outer edge of a celestial body; the half with the greater altitude is called the upper limb, and the half with the lesser altitude, the lower limb.

The graduated margin of an arc or circle in an instrument for measuring angles, as that part of a marine sextant carrying the altitude scale.

LIMBS INTERNATIONAL

LIMBS International engages communities and transforms lives through affordable, sustainable prosthetic solutions and rehabilitation services in developing countries.

LIMBS believes that every individual – regardless of race, religion, ethnicity, economic status, or nationality – deserves love, compassion, respect, and the opportunity to become a productive member of society.

Everyday we work to give people hope and a chance for a better life.

Lloyd’S Register

Lloyd’s Register Group Limited is a technical and business services organisation and a maritime classification society, wholly owned by the Lloyd’s Register Foundation, a UK charity dedicated to research and education in science and engineering.

Lloyd’s Register is unaffiliated with Lloyd’s of London.

In July 2012, the organisation converted from an industrial and provident society to a company limited by shares, named Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, with the new Lloyd’s Register Foundation as the sole shareholder.

In 1760, the Register Society was formed by the customers of the coffee house who assembled the Register of Shipping, the first known register of its type.

A vessel remains registered with Lloyd’s Register until she is sunk, wrecked, hulked, scrapped or withdrawn from the register by the vessel’s owner.

The American Lloyd’s Registry of American and Foreign Shipping was established in 1857, and the American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping issued from at least 1849 until at least 1883 by the “Board of American Lloyd’s”.

In 1833 the Österreichischer Lloyd company was formed in the then-Austrian port city of Trieste, consciously modeling itself on the British company and seeking to publish a similar register.

Lloyd’S Register Pulls Back From Services To Russia

UK-based ship classification society Lloyd’s Register has decided to disengage from providing services to Russia amid sanctions imposed on the country for its invasion of Ukraine.

Lloyd’s Register said that it will withdraw all services to Russia to abide by the current laws of the UK, European Union and the US. In a statement, it said: “Lloyd’s Register will be communicating directly with all affected parties.”

Claimed to be the world’s first marine classification society, Lloyd’s Register has expertise in offering engineering and technology for the maritime industry.

Separately, the International Bunker Industry Association recently condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

As the voice of the global bunker industry, IBIA decided to suspend all services to Russian members of the association after evaluating existing conditions.

IBIA is said to represent all stakeholders across the industry value chain, including ship owners/operators, bunker suppliers, traders, brokers, barging companies, storage companies, surveyors and port authorities.

Recently, the UK passed a law to bar all vessels with ties to Russia from entering its ports.

Lloyd’S Register Of Ships Online

Volumes of the Lloyd’s Register of Ships which are fully accessible and searchable online can be accessed via archive.org.

Please note that not all editions have been digitised yet but the Heritage & Education Centre are creating searchable scans of our entire Register Book collection up to 2000 and making them freely available online.

A small percentage of the online volumes listed in the table below were scanned in by Googlebooks and by The Internet Archive independently of HEC. All digitised Registers can be searched by any of the fields such as ship name, master, ship owner or place of build.

The Registers for 1930-1945 were digitised as part of the Plimsoll ship data project by the Southampton City Libraries and Archives Services in conjunction with Lloyd’s Register’s Heritage & Education Centre.

The Register Book for 1764-66 is now available to view in PDF format.

This is the first time that pages from this original edition of the Register of Ships 1764 has been made available online.

Please note that copyright of all images of the 1764-6 edition remains with Lloyd’s Register.

Audemars Piguet Watches

Audemars Piguet produces some of the finest, most highly coveted watches the world has to offer.

Other top Audemars Piguet watches include the Royal Oak Offshore and the Royal Oak Concept.

01 36,500 USD Stainless steel, three hands, date Code 11.59, 15210OR.OO.A099CR.01 25,500 USD Rose gold, date Millenary Quincy Jones, 15161SN.OO.D002CR.01 13,500 USD Stainless steel, date How much does an Audemars Piguet watch cost? Audemars Piguet watches cover a wide range of prices.

With the Royal Oak, Audemars Piguet ushered in a new era in luxury watches.

The watches of the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Concept collection combine state-of-the-art technology with traditional haute horlogerie.

A three-hand Edward Piguet requires an investment of roughly 9,200 USD. Models with a chronograph or perpetual calendar cost around 22,500 USD. Prices for tourbillon watches depend on the exact edition and fall between 52,000 and 132,000 USD. Millenary: Pieces of Watchmaking Art.

Audemars Piguet has a long history of breaking with convention, introducing their first wristwatches towards the end of the 19th century when pocket watches were still the norm.

Certified Pre-Owned Audemars Piguet Watches

From the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak, to the Royal Oak Offshore, to AP dress models, we have a wide selection of AP Watches.

If you’re looking for a pre-owned watch in a specific range, our client advisors will assist you in finding an Audemars Piguet watch.

Audemars Piguet is a family owned luxury watch brand that’s part of the holy watch trinity comprised of AP, Patek Philippe, and Vacheron.

Audemars Piguet watches are made of luxury materials like precious metals and gems.

Pricing of pre-owned Audemars Piguet watches is constantly changing with the ebbs and flows of supply and demand.

With proper wear and care, watches from Audemars Piguet are heirloom quality pieces that are to be passed down through generations.

Each of our pre-owned Audemars Piguet watches are evaluated, authenticated, and brought to manufacturer operating standards without compromising value or provenance.

Audemars Piguet Watches

Audemars Piguet is regarded as one of the world’s most prestigious premium watchmakers and is best known for its Royal Oak sports watch, which is famed for pioneering avant-garde complicated watches.

The two founders were skilled watchmakers who developed sophisticated watches for other companies before creating an alliance and started producing complete watches by coordinating the work of a variety of craftsmen in the area.

Audemars Piguet, like its competitors, was not immune to the effects and began revolutionizing its watches.

In 1972, Audemars Piguet released the Royal Oak watch, which catapulted the brand to prominence in the industry.

The company developed the first skeleton watch in 1934 and has manufactured some of the thinnest watches in the world, such as the 1986 ultra-thin automatic tourbillon wristwatch.

The workshop is in the heart of a “Region pulsing with intricate watch mechanisms.” Some of the most magnificent watches have been built in the mountains, north of Geneva, surrounded by breathtaking vistas.

Audemars Piguet’s striking range of asymmetric-dial elliptical watches is yet another unique watch design triumph.

Audemars Piguet Watches

Audemars Piguet watches is a Swiss watches manufacturer that was founded in 1875 by two young men with a passion for fine watch making.

In the 1930’s Audemars Piguet begins producing chronographs which is a major source of success – but business is hurt by WWII. In 1949, Audemars Piguet participates for the first time in the Basel Fair and Audemars Piguet begins to introduce simple ultra-thin yet elegant AP timepieces in addition to the complications.

Some of the most popular and bestselling watches from this dynamic Swiss watch manufacturer, affectionately known as AP, include the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak and Royal Oak Offshore models which incorporate simple automatic watches, chronographs all the way up to tourbillons, minute repeaters, Grande Complications & of course the now famous & award winning Audemars Piguet Carbon Concept.

The Audemars Piguet Royal Oak had such tremendous success that for divers AP made the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Offshore and the Royal Oak Offshore Chronograph which had the added stopwatch function.

In the years following Audemars Piguet continues to expand at a rapid pace, introducing new styles and models, but as always the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak and Offshore editions remain among their best sellers, staying firm in their commitment to quality watches, while maintaining the independence so cherished by the group.

Audemars Piguet also produces several rare Audemars Piguet wristwatches such as the Royal Oak Grand Prix Chronograph and the Audemars Piguet Royal Oak Offshore have sprouted forth from the roots of the original Royal Oak design.

Many grande complication watches were created by AP over the years from the Royal Oak Offshore Grande Complication which has 648 parts, all finished by hand and with only 3 in existence to the Audemars Piguet AP Jules Grande Perpetual Minute Repeater Rattrapante and Jules Audemars Grande Complication in pink gold.

Audemars Piguet

Audemars Piguet Holding SA is a Swiss manufacturer of luxury mechanical watches and clocks, headquartered in Le Brassus, Switzerland.

The company was founded by Jules Louis Audemars and Edward Auguste Piguet in the Vallée de Joux in 1875, acquiring the name Audemars Piguet & Cie in 1881.

The second-generation company leaders included Paul Louis Audemars and Paul Edward Piguet, and the third generation included Jacques Louis Audemars and Paulette Piguet.

The fourth-generation company leaders are both from the Audemars family, including Jasmine Audemars and Olivier Frank Edward Audemars.

The Royal Oak is considered to be the most popular watch that Audemars Piguet currently manufactures.

Named after one of the founders, the Jules Audemars collection takes cues from more traditional Audemars Piguet designs.

In 1875, Jules Audemars created about 20 very complex movements, which he later used as collateral when he and Edward Piguet founded Audemars Piguet & Cie in 1881.

Patek Philippe SA

Patek Philippe SA is a Swiss luxury watch and clock manufacturer founded in 1839, which is located in the Canton of Geneva and the Vallée de Joux.

As of December 2020, among the world’s top ten most expensive watches ever sold at auctions, eight are Patek Philippe watches.

6300A-010 currently holds the title of the most expensive watch ever sold at auction, while Patek Philippe Henry Graves Supercomplication, the world’s most complicated mechanical watch until 1989, currently holds the title of the most expensive pocket watch ever sold at auction.

1901 saw the transformation of Patek Philippe into a joint-stock company, Ancienne Manufacture d’horlogerie Patek, Philippe & Cie, Société Anonyme, initiated by J. A. Bénassy-Philippe and Joseph E. Philippe.

A small part of the demand for auction pieces is driven by Patek Philippe themselves, as they are purchasing in the auction market to add to the collection of the Patek Philippe Museum in Geneva.

One of Patek Philippe’s company slogans is “You never actually own a Patek Philippe. You merely look after it for the next generation.” The slogan was introduced when the company launched its “Generations” campaign in 1996.

Library of reference books on Patek Philippe watches and company – Patek Philippe website.

Certified Pre-Owned Patek Philippe Watches

Today, Patek Philippe watches are still sold for high prices due to their intricate mechanical features and unique look, evident in their Complications and Grand Complications collections-a master class in horological complexities and artful design.

While the history and precision timekeeping offered by Patek Philippe watches is appealing, today, this is one of the most well-known brands around the globe.

Looking for a timeless dress watch from Patek Philippe? Peruse their collection of Calatrava watches for a piece that will pair well with any tailor-made suit.

With hundreds of pre-owned Patek Philippe watches to choose from, pricing for these exquisite timepieces varies depending on the model, materials, year, and supply.

Patek Philippe watches are exceptional heirloom pieces that are crafted to be passed down for generations with proper care.

Patek Philippe services and repairs all of their watches made since 1839.

Each of our Patek Philippe watches are evaluated, authenticated, and brought to manufacturer operating standards without compromising value or provenance before entering our inventory.

As of December 2020, among the world’s top ten most expensive watches ever sold at auctions, eight are Patek Philippe watches.

6300A-010 currently holds the title of the most expensive watch ever sold at auction, while Patek Philippe Henry Graves Supercomplication, the world’s most complicated mechanical watch until 1989, currently holds the title of the most expensive pocket watch ever sold at auction.

In 1891, the 76-year-old Adrien Philippe handed over his position in the business to his youngest son Joseph Emile Philippe, together with Francois Antoine Conty.

1901 saw the transformation of Patek Philippe into a joint-stock company, Ancienne Manufacture d’horlogerie Patek, Philippe & Cie, Société Anonyme, initiated by J. A. Bénassy-Philippe and Joseph E. Philippe.

As of 2018, among the world’s top ten most expensive watches ever sold at auctions, seven are Patek Philippe watches.

A small part of the demand for auction pieces is driven by Patek Philippe themselves, as they are purchasing in the auction market to add to the collection of the Patek Philippe Museum in Geneva.

See alsoReferencesFurther readingLibrary of reference books on Patek Philippe watches and company – Patek Philippe website.

Patek Philippe

Uncover the world of Patek Philippe, a legacy of tradition and innovation in fine watchmaking, spanning 180 years.

Discover the world of Patek Philippe, a legacy of tradition and innovation in luxury watchmaking artistry, spanning 180 years.

American Elements

American Elements is a global manufacturer and distributor of advanced materials with a more than 35,000-page online product catalog and compendium of information on the chemical elements, advanced materials, and high technology applications.

Its research and production facilities are located in Salt Lake City, Utah; Monterrey, Mexico; Baotou, China; and Manchester, UK. American Elements began as a toll chemical manufacturer and refiner serving U.S. mining companies by producing metal-based chemicals from their deposits.

Over the following decade the company expanded operations to include production of all elements on the periodic table and established educational programs, scholarships and scientific conferences to educate the public on the properties and applications of the elements.

Many of the technologies and materials developed at American Elements were co-designed and co-developed with technology collaborators.

The department provides information on the ways elemental advanced materials are used, global issues affecting the mining and production of the elements and ways to improve the teaching of science at all grade levels.

It believes future global rare-earth prices tend to move upward or downward in reaction to China’s then-projected GDP. The company publishes an annual Endangered Elements List naming that year’s top five elements that, due to their geopolitical scarcity, pose a threat to the future of American high-technology manufacturing.

Michael Silver is the founder and CEO of American Elements.

EVISA’S Company Database

Isotopes from American Elements are non-radioactive materials with numerous applications and properties.

Oxygen-18 has been used extensively to study human metabolism by measuring metabolic energy output in research involving obesity, heart disease, osteoporosis and diabetes.

Other human metabolism studies to determine the absorption patterns of nutrients have involved tracing a stable isotope of that mineral or element though the body.

Other biomedical applications for American Elements’ stable isotopes, include using Nickel-58, Nickel-60, Nickel-61 and Nickel-64 to study nitrogen absorption in the blood, Copper-63 and Copper-65 to study gastro-intestinal disorders, Molybdenum-94, Molybdenum-96 and Molybdenum-97 as a label on nutrients to trace metabolism of the labeled nutrient, Lithium-6 for research in kidney function, Vanadium-51 to study brain metabolism and Rubidium-85 and Rubidium-87 to study potassium absorption in the blood.

Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37 are used to study environmental pollutants.

Carbon-13 has application in the study of global warming and air pollution control.

Chromium-53 and Chromium-54 can be used to study these effects with respect to Chromium.

New lightweight super material could battle bullets, deflect space debris.

Fine tuning materials for energy storage using architectural design and structural engineering.

Newly developed radio-labeled molecule enables real-time imaging of innate immune activity.

Scientists develop long-lasting, anti-fogging coating for plastic surfaces that self-cleans.

Versatile ‘nanocrystal gel’ could enable advances in energy, defense and telecommunications.

Breakthrough in converting CO2 into fuel using solar energy.

‘Exciton surfing’ could enable next-gen energy, computing and communications tech.

Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials

Armor-X™Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.

GMT/GTex™Glass-mat and fabric reinforced thermoplastics.

Meditech™ Chirulen and Extrulen UHMW-PELife Sciences Grade Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Implantable products.

Quicksilver™/Tivar™Truck and bulk handling liner solutions.

SymaLITE™ LWRTLow weight reinforced thermoplastics.

TIVAR™ UHMW-PEUltra high molecular weight polyethylene.

Mitsubishi Materials

Japanese company, and manufacturer of products for Mitsubishi.

Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, or MMC, is a Japanese company.

It is a manufacturer of cement products, copper and aluminum products, cemented carbide tools, and electronic materials.

It is one of the core companies of Mitsubishi Group.

In 2018 Mitsubishi Materials admitted that five of its subsidiaries, Mitsubishi Cable Industries Ltd., Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Mitsubishi Aluminum Co., Tachibana Metal MFG Co. and Diamet Corp., had falsified quality data over the past three years on shipments including aluminium and automotive components.

Mitsubishi Materials has started investigations at about 120 factories in its group.

Recycling business Resource-, environment-, and recycling-related products.

Investor Relations :: Synthetic Biologics, Inc.

Synthetic Biologics, Inc. is a diversified clinical-stage company leveraging the microbiome to develop therapeutics designed to prevent and treat gastrointestinal diseases in areas of high unmet need.

The Company’s lead candidates are: SYN-004 which is designed to degrade certain commonly used intravenous beta-lactam antibiotics within the gastrointestinal tract to prevent microbiome damage, Clostridioides difficile infection, overgrowth of pathogenic organisms, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and acute graft-versus-host-disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, and SYN-020, a recombinant oral formulation of the enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase produced under cGMP conditions and intended to treat both local GI and systemic diseases.

Synthetic Biologics Inc.: This Stock Is Set To Soar Above Its Peers – Invest Chronicle

Synthetic Biologics Inc. had a pretty Dodgy run when it comes to the market performance.

Synthetic Biologics Inc. full year performance was -59.10%. Price records that include history of low and high prices in the period of 52 weeks can tell a lot about the stock’s existing status and the future performance.

Presently, Synthetic Biologics Inc. shares are logging -76.52% during the 52-week period from high price, and 7.91% higher than the lowest price point for the same timeframe.

The Analysts eye on Synthetic Biologics Inc. During the last month, 0 analysts gave the Synthetic Biologics Inc. a BUY rating, 0 of the polled analysts branded the stock as an OVERWEIGHT, 0 analysts were recommending to HOLD this stock, 0 of them gave the stock UNDERWEIGHT rating, and 0 of the polled analysts provided SELL rating.

In a similar fashion, Synthetic Biologics Inc. posted a movement of -45.99% for the period of last 100 days, recording 1,802,412 in trading volumes.

Technical rundown of Synthetic Biologics Inc. Raw Stochastic average of Synthetic Biologics Inc. in the period of last 50 days is set at 19.65%. The result represents improvement in oppose to Raw Stochastic average for the period of the last 20 days, recording 18.53%. In the last 20 days, the company’s Stochastic %K was 22.14% and its Stochastic %D was recorded 28.06%. Considering, the past performance of Synthetic Biologics Inc., multiple moving trends are noted.

Year-to-date Price performance of the company’s stock appears to be encouraging, given the fact the metric is recording -10.73%. Additionally, trading for the stock in the period of the last six months notably deteriorated by -52.02%, alongside a downfall of -59.10% for the period of the last 12 months.

Should Value Hunters Buy Synthetic Biologics Inc. Stock? – Stocks Register

The trading price of Synthetic Biologics Inc. closed higher on Tuesday, March 08, closing at $0.25, 1.03% higher than its previous close.

Over the past month, the stock has gained 3.54% in value.

A company’s earnings reviews provide a brief indication of a stock’s direction in the short term, where in the case of Synthetic Biologics Inc. No upward and no downward comments were posted in the last 7 days.

According to the data of the stock’s medium term indicators, the stock is currently averaging as a 100% Sell, while an average of long term indicators suggests that the stock is currently 100% Sell.

The RSI metric on the 14-day chart is currently showing 46.06, and weekly volatility stands at 9.61%. When measured over the past 30 days, the indicator reaches 12.15%. Synthetic Biologics Inc.’s beta value is currently sitting at 1.64, while the Average True Range indicator is currently displaying 0.03.

To see how Synthetic Biologics Inc. stock has been performing in comparison to its peers in the industry, here are the numbers: SYN stock’s performance was 1.03% in the latest trading, and -63.64% in the past year.

An evaluation of the daily trading volume of Synthetic Biologics Inc. indicates that the 3-month average is 1.88 million.

VCNBiosciences

VCN Biosciences Announces Publication in Peer-Reviewed Journal of Immunotherapy of Cancer on Clinical Data obtained with VCN-01 after intratumorally administration in patients with Pancreatic Cancer.

Synthetic Biologics Announces Planned Transformative Acquisition of VCN Biosciences; Developer of a Novel Oncolytic Virus Platform Targeting Pancreatic and other Solid TumorsLead drug candidate VCN-01 demonstrated clinical activity in multiple Phase 1 clinical trialsDesigned for systemic delivery, high selectivity, and enhanced tumor accessVCN-01 granted Orphan Drug Designation in Pancreatic Cancer by the EMASynthetic Biologics and VCN Biosciences to host a conference call today, December 14th, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time.

Barcelona, November 2nd, 2021.- VCN Biosciences, a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company focused on the development of the next generation of oncolytic adenoviruses, today announced the oral presentation at the upcoming 2021 International Oncolytic Virus Conference being held November 5-7, 2021, both virtually and in Sedona, Arizona.

Synthetic Biologics Completes Acquisition Of VCN Biosciences

Synthetic Biologics, Inc. recently announced it has completed the acquisition of VCN Biosciences, S.L. following the satisfaction of all closing conditions.

The acquisition transforms Synthetic Biologics’ pipeline with the addition of VCN’s lead clinical-stage drug candidate, VCN-01, as well as preclinical stage VCN-11, both of which are next-generation OVs in development for the treatment of cancers with high unmet need.

“The acquisition of VCN positions us at the forefront of oncolytic virus development and propels the Synthetic Biologics pipeline forward,” said Steven A. Shallcross, Chief Executive Officer of Synthetic Biologics.

As consideration for the purchase of VCN, at the closing of the transaction Synthetic Biologics paid US$4,700,000 to Grifols Innovation and New Technologies Limited, the owner of approximately 86% of the equity of VCN, and issued to the remaining shareholders and certain key employees and consultants of VCN 26,395,303 shares of common stock of Synthetic Biologics, representing 19.99% of the outstanding shares of Synthetic’s Biologics common stock on December 14, 2021, the date of the Share Purchase Agreement with VCN and its shareholders.

US$6MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 2 trial meets the primary endpoint or if a Phase 2 trial is not conducted and only a Phase 3 trial is conducted then upon a Phase 3 being initiated – PDAC. US$8MM upon VCN-01 Pivotal Trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – RB. US$12MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 3 trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – RB. In addition, Synthetic Biologics agreed as a post-Closing covenant to commit to fund VCN’s research and development programs, including but not limited to VCN-01 PDAC Phase 2 trial, VCN-01 RB pivotal trial and necessary G&A within a budgetary plan of approximately US$27.

Tungsten Advisors served as the exclusive financial advisor to VCN Biosciences SL. Synthetic Biologics, Inc. is a diversified clinical-stage company developing therapeutics designed to treat diseases in areas of high unmet need.

The Company recently consummated the acquisition of VCN Biosciences, S.L., which is developing a new oncolytic adenovirus platform designed for intravenous and intravitreal delivery to trigger tumor cell death, improve access of co-administered cancer therapies to the tumor, and promote a robust and sustained anti-tumor response by the patient’s immune-system.

Grifols Moves Forward With Its Divestment Plan By Agreeing To Sell VCN Biosciences

Grifols’ 87% equity investment in VCN Biosciences is valued at up to USD 75 million.

Barcelona, December 14, 2021.- Grifols, a global healthcare company and leading manufacturer of plasma-derived medicines dedicated to enhancing patients’ health and well-being for more than 110 years, has reached an agreement with Synthetic Biologics to sell its entire equity stake in VCN Biosciences, a company dedicated to the research and development of new agents for the treatment of pancreatic and other solid tumors based on oncolytic adenoviruses with high selectivity and antitumor potency.

Grifols acquired capital in VCN Biosciences in 2012.

As José Terencio, Vice President of Innovation at Grifols and a member of VCN Biosciences Board of Directors observes, “Grifols’ support has been key to driving the viability of several VCN Biosciences research projects, from their initial design and preclinical studies to first-in-human efficacy studies in phase I. Our transaction with Synthetic Biologics allows VCN Biosciences to advance its important research in the benefit of patients and society by leveraging the experience and expertise of another leading-edge healthcare company.”

Under this agreement, Grifols will oversee a smooth transition of all VCN Biosciences operations, while Synthetic Biologics will continue to promote and finance VCN’s ongoing research programs, as well as maintain its employee pool.

The transaction values Grifols’ equity stake in VCN Biosciences at up to USD 75 million.

The sale of VCN Biosciences to Synthetic Biologics reflects Grifols’ commitment to divest non-strategic business lines.

Stockwatch

Strong cash position to support multiple inflection points for VCN-01 with the start of a Phase 2 trialin combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a Phase 2/3 pivotal trial either as an adjunct to chemotherapy or a potential rescue therapy in advanced retinoblastoma pediatric patients -.

The acquisition transforms Synthetic Biologics’ pipeline with the addition of VCN’s lead clinical-stage drug candidate, VCN-01, as well as preclinical stage VCN-11, both of which are next-generation OVs in development for the treatment of cancers with high unmet need.

VCN-11 is a modified version of VCN-01 that incorporates a proprietary albumin binding domain in the virus outer shell and was designed to improve systemic delivery by enabling the virus to coat itself with host serum albumin and prevent inactivation by neutralizing antibodies.

“The therapeutic application of OVs has been limited, in part, by a need for local administration. Our OVs are designed for systemic administration to target primary as well as metastatic tumors. Once inside the tumor, our OVs are uniquely engineered to replicate selectively and aggressively within the tumor cells and to break down the tumor stroma through the expression of PH20, a differentiating benefit of VCN-01.”.

As consideration for the purchase of VCN, at the closing of the transaction Synthetic Biologics paid US$4,700,000 to Grifols Innovation and New Technologies Limited, the owner of approximately 86% of the equity of VCN, and issued to the remaining shareholders and certain key employees and consultants of VCN 26,395,303 shares of common stock of Synthetic Biologics, representing 19.99% of the outstanding shares of Synthetic’s Biologics common stock on December 14, 2021, the date of the Share Purchase Agreement with VCN and its shareholders.

US$3.25MM upon VCN-01 US first patient dosed – RB after receipt of VCN-01 US IND Safe to Proceed for RB being informed.

US$6MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 2 trial meets the primary endpoint or if a Phase 2 trial is not conducted and only a Phase 3 trial is conducted then upon a Phase 3 being initiated – PDAC. US$8MM upon VCN-01 Pivotal Trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – RB. US$12MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 3 trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – RB. In addition, Synthetic Biologics agreed as a post-Closing covenant to commit to fund VCN’s research and development programs, including but not limited to VCN-01 PDAC Phase 2 trial, VCN-01 RB pivotal trial and necessary G&A within a budgetary plan of approximately US$27.

Grifols Acquires 40% Of Biotechnology Firm VCN Biosciences

Grifols has joined the stockholders of the Catalan biotechnology company VCN Biosciences, founded in 2009 by three researchers from the Catalan Institute of Oncology and devoted to researching and developing new therapeutic approaches to tumors that currently have no effective treatment.

More specifically, VCN Biosciences focuses on developing new agents to treat cancer based on oncolytic adenoviruses, which are highly selective and have high anti-tumor potential.

In the future, VCN Biosciences will move their offices, currently located in the Biopol complex in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, to the Grifols corporate facilities in Sant Cugat del Vallès.

Grifols was guided through the process by the Osborne Clarke law firm and VCN Biosciences, by Rousaud Costas Durán.

VCN Biosciences uses the oncolytic adenovirus technology platform to generate viral therapy candidates.

VCN Biosciences currently holds exclusive rights to two patent licenses for separate technologies developed by the ICO Viral Therapy Group.

More information is available on the Grifols and VCN Biosciences websites.

Synthetic Biologics Completes Acquisition Of VCN Biosciences

ROCKVILLE, Md., March 11, 2022 – Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a diversified clinical-stage company developing therapeutics designed to treat diseases in areas of high unmet need, today announced that it has completed the acquisition of VCN Biosciences, S.L. following the satisfaction of all closing conditions.

The acquisition transforms Synthetic Biologics’ pipeline with the addition of VCN’s lead clinical-stage drug candidate, VCN-01, as well as preclinical stage VCN-11, both of which are next-generation OVs in development for the treatment of cancers with high unmet need.

“The acquisition of VCN positions us at the forefront of oncolytic virus development and propels the Synthetic Biologics pipeline forward,” said Steven A. Shallcross, Chief Executive Officer of Synthetic Biologics.

As consideration for the purchase of VCN, at the closing of the transaction Synthetic Biologics paid US$4,700,000 to Grifols Innovation and New Technologies Limited, the owner of approximately 86% of the equity of VCN, and issued to the remaining shareholders and certain key employees and consultants of VCN 26,395,303 shares of common stock of Synthetic Biologics, representing 19.99% of the outstanding shares of Synthetic’s Biologics common stock on December 14, 2021, the date of the Share Purchae Agreement with VCN and its shareholders.

US$6MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 2 trial meets the primary endpoint or if a Phase 2 trial is not conducted and only a Phase 3 trial is conducted then upon a Phase 3 being initiated – PDAC. US$8MM upon VCN-01 Pivotal Trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – RB. US$12MM upon VCN-01 US Phase 3 trial meeting the primary endpoint or upon BLA Submission – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – PDAC. US$16MM upon VCN-01 BLA Approval – RB. In addition, Synthetic Biologics agreed as a post-Closing covenant to commit to fund VCN’s research and development programs, including but not limited to VCN-01 PDAC Phase 2 trial, VCN-01 RB pivotal trial and necessary G&A within a budgetary plan of approximately US$27.

A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners served as exclusive financial advisor to Synthetic Biologics in connection with the transaction.

Tungsten Advisors served as the exclusive financial advisor to VCN Biosciences SL. About Synthetic Biologics, Inc. Synthetic Biologics, Inc. is diversified clinical-stage company developing therapeutics designed to treat diseases in areas of high unmet need.

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Slot Machine

A slot machine, fruit machine or poker machine is a gambling machine that creates a game of chance for its customers.

Sittman and Pitt of Brooklyn, New York developed a gambling machine in 1891 that was a precursor to the modern slot machine.

The first video slot machine was developed in 1976 in Kearny Mesa, California by the Las Vegas-based Fortune Coin Co. This machine used a modified 19-inch Sony Trinitron color receiver for the display and logic boards for all slot-machine functions.

A theoretical hold worksheet is a document provided by the manufacturer for every slot machine that indicates the theoretical percentage the machine should hold based on the amount paid in.

A low-volatility slot machine has regular but smaller wins, while a high-variance slot machine has fewer but bigger wins.

Changing the payout percentage after a slot machine has been placed on the gaming floor requires a physical swap of the software or firmware, which is usually stored on an EPROM but may be loaded onto non-volatile random access memory or even stored on CD-ROM or DVD, depending on the capabilities of the machine and the applicable regulations.

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Wikipedia

One way places the back of the drawer such that it is fully visible when the drawer hits the stop – the interior of such a drawer is much shorter than the sides of the drawer.

Another way uses full extension drawers, which have full-extension drawer slides, also called telescoping slides, a kind of linear-motion bearing Compound slides that support the drawer even when the drawer is pulled entirely out of the cabinet.

A drawer slide or drawer runner is the part of a drawer that allows it to move.

Wheel drawer slide A wheel drawer or roller runner slide is a simple mechanism that can handle heavy loads.

Telescoping ball bearing drawer slides Telescopic channel slides allow for full extension of the drawer during normal use, and therefore better access to the space inside it.

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Center-mounted slide Center-mounted slides are mounted near the bottom center of the drawer, and are therefore also usually concealed when the drawer is opened.

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Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc.

Ortho-Clinical proposed to supply two of its analyzers but explained that, in order to meet the requirement to provide MHATP TPPA testing, it would provide a third analyzer to perform TPPA testing, until the TPPA assay was available on the two primary analyzers.

Ortho-Clinical argues the BOP’s contention that Roche’s quotation offered the full menu of tests is incorrect because Roche could not have represented that its analyzer would perform all three syphilis tests: TPPA, RPR, and RPR Titer testing.

Id. Additionally, Ortho-Clinical asserts that an automated TPPA test, by itself, is not an automated syphilis test because, under Centers for Disease Control standards, the lab elements of a syphilis diagnosis also include an RPR or RPR Titer test.

The technical evaluation team explains that the pricing table “Provided the BOP’s current usage rate for the RPR/RPR titer tests and MHATP test as a reference point” and did not require that the analyzer perform those specific tests; the RFQ only required that the analyzer perform “An automated syphilis test.” Supp.

Read as a whole, according to Ortho-Clinical, the RFQ generally identified a requirement for automated testing for syphilis, and then in the pricing table listed the three specific syphilis tests, which correspond to the tests used when making a syphilis diagnosis consistent with CDC guidance.

In effect in selecting Roche’s quotation for award, the BOP would have partially waived the automated syphilis testing requirement in the RFQ-specifically for automated RPR and RPR Titer testing.

As Ortho-Clinical concedes, even though Roche has regulatory approval of an analyzer to perform TPPA testing, Ortho-Clinical’s primary analyzer cannot perform that test at present.

Ortho Clinical Diagnostics

Ortho Clinical Diagnostics is an in vitro diagnostics company that makes products and diagnostic equipment for blood testing.

Ortho serves two primary industries in the medical field: clinical laboratories, by producing platforms and assays that test for a variety of diseases, conditions, and substances; and immunohematology, by providing the means to ensure blood transfusion recipients receive appropriate and compatible blood.

Johnson and Johnson acquired Eastman Kodak’s Clinical Diagnostics Division in 1994, which was then merged with Ortho Diagnostic Systems in 1997.

Ortho Clinical Diagnostics now operated as an independent company, up until its acquisition by Quidel Corporation for $6 billion, in December 2021.

2001: Ortho becomes the first diagnostic company to receive US FDA approval for automated random access hepatitis tests.

2015: Ortho receives FDA clearance for its ORTHO VISION Analyzer, which automates the full range of immunohematology testing and helps improve the safety of blood transfusions by reducing laboratories’ reliance on manual methods.

Ortho produces in-vitro diagnostics equipment and associated assays and reagents, serving the clinical laboratories and immunohematology sectors of the medical field.

Quidel Buying Ortho Clinical Diagnostics For $6 Billion

San Diego-based Quidel has agreed to acquire Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Holdings for $6 billion.

Under the terms of the agreement, announced Dec. 23, Quidel will buy Ortho Clinical with a combination of cash and newly issued shares in the combined company.

Headquartered in New Jersey, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics is one of the world’s largest in vitro diagnostics companies.

“The combination with Ortho will help solidify Quidel as a leader in the diagnostics industry, bringing together innovative, complementary products, solutions, and services that enhance the health and well-being of patients across the globe,” said Douglas Bryant, president and CEO of Quidel.

In 2020, Quidel posted $1.1 billion in revenue generated solely by its COVID-19 products while the company’s total revenue in FY 2020 increased 211% to $1.6 billion.

Deal Includes $1.75B in CashUnder the terms of the agreement, which was unanimously approved by the board of directors of each company, Quidel will acquire Ortho for $24.68 per share of common stock, for a total of approximately $6.0 billion, including $1.75 billion in cash, funded through cash on the balance sheet and incremental borrowings.

Following the close of the transaction, the combined company’s board of directors will consist of 12 members, eight designated by Quidel and four designated by Ortho.

Medium Density Fiberboard

16.4 Selected machining problemsAlthough the machining of some wood-based composite materials, such as plywood or OSB, does not pose problems, and requires similar processing operations to solid wood, laminated particleboards or MDF require special treatment.

Although the moved material is supported by a table, the construction of the sawing machine never allows the material close to the rotating tool to be supported.

During typical milling of wood-based composite materials, especially laminated panels, which generate by far the most problems with regard to achieving proper machining quality, the plane of the tool rotation is parallel to the machined material.

Because of the high hardness of the laminates, the wear of tools machining such materials is also intensive.

Because tool wear is partly caused by friction between the machined material and the tool, the wear intensity of the tools used for machining panels produced from alternative raw materials can be reduced.

Mold fabrication process: the medium density fiberboard for the molds, the 5-axis computer numerical control machine for mold manufacturing, the raw surface mold, and the finished mold specimen.

The relative ease of machining resulted in a reasonable machining time of just over 16 h, including roughing and finishing passes.

MDF Uses

Medium density fiberboard, or MDF, is a manufactured product composed of wood fibers mixed with resin and wax, and pressed into flat panels under high temperatures and pressure.

MDF is a very dense product and is considerably heavier than plywood or dimension lumber.

Other than this slight drawback, MDF is an excellent building material, as it accepts glue bonds very well and joins securely with nails and screws with minimal chances of fracturing.

It is best to cut MDF outdoors, as it creates a lot of dust.

When exposed to moisture, unfinished MDF can swell and lose strength, so in applications where moisture expose is a possibility, exterior-grade plywoods are a better choice.

Because MDF accepts paint so well, it is often used in visible applications, such as in cabinet carcasses that will be painted.

Particleboard, on the other hand, does not accept paint very well, and so is more commonly used in hidden locations, such as for underlayment for carpeting or other types of flooring.

Frequently Asked Questions

The levels of free formaldehyde in boards made within the EU at levels of formaldehyde class E1 are thought to be insignificant.

Under current legislation softwood dust, hardwood dust and formaldehyde are considered to be hazardous to health.

Because of the additional presence of formaldehyde in MDF the simple precautions detailed in Q.7 and Q.8 should be followed.

Q4. How much formaldehyde is released by MDF board?

There are two European formaldehyde classes, E1 and E2, depending on levels of formaldehyde emission measured.

There are some boards available on the market with extremely low formaldehyde emissions and some with ‘no added formaldehyde’, for example those using formaldehyde free binders such as PMDI, ie these boards will only have the naturally occurring emissions from the wood itself.

The WELs for hardwood dust, softwood dust and formaldehyde are expressed in the number of milligrams of material in one cubic metre of air.

Medium-Density Fibreboard

A thick MDF panel at a density of 700-720 kg/m3 may be considered as high density in the case of softwood fibre panels, whereas a panel of the same density made of hardwood fibres is not regarded as so.

Although similar manufacturing processes are used in making all types of fibreboard, MDF has a typical density of 600-800 kg/m3 or 0.022-0.029 lb/in3, in contrast to particle board and to high-density fibreboard.

A so-called “Premium” MDF is available that features more uniform density throughout the thickness of the panel.

MDF is not susceptible to splitting when screws are installed in the face of the material, but due to the alignment of the wood fibres, may split when screws are installed in the edge of the board without pilot holes.

Formaldehyde resins are commonly used to bind together the fibres in MDF, and testing has consistently revealed that MDF products emit free formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds that pose health risks at concentrations considered unsafe, for at least several months after manufacture.

Veneered MDF provides many of the advantages of MDF with a decorative wood veneer surface layer.

Making veneered MDF is a complex procedure, which involves taking an extremely thin slice of hardwood and then through high pressure and stretching methods wrapping them around the profiled MDF boards.

What Is MDF?

In certain situations, MDF even trumps all the others, because it’s so wonderfully easy to work with.

Unlike real wood, MDF has no knots, grain, or warping, and its smooth surface gives way easily to the saw, leaving no splinters, burns, or tear-outs.

AdvantagesWorking with MDF is the same as working with real wood.

You are likely to find that, compared with sawing and attempting detail work with solid lumber, MDF is much more pliant.

Dust settles: Working with MDF tends to create a great deal of dust, and not just run-of-the-mill dust, but a powdery, pervasive species that makes a mess and chokes the air.

Health risks: Most MDF contains urea-formaldehyde, a suspected carcinogen.

Until it’s fully sealed, MDF continues to off-gas.

Medium Density Fibreboard

Medium Density Fibreboard is a reconstituted wood panel product.

It is a dry-processed fibreboard manufactured from wood fibres, as opposed to veneers or particles, and is denser than plywood and particleboard.

MDF has an even density throughout and is smooth on both sides.

MDF is reconstituted into wood sheets in a variety of widths and lengths.

Paraffin wax is added to assist with water repellency, while other chemicals can be added during manufacturing for more specific protection.

MDF is primarily used for internal use applications, in part due to its poor moisture resistance.

It is available in raw form with a fine sanded surface or with decorative overlay such as wood veneer, melamine paper or vinyl.

ScienceDirect Topics

Hard fiberboard can be used as wall slab, door board, floor, furniture and other decorations instead of wood.

The soft fiberboard whose apparent density is low(< 400 kg/m3) and porosity is high, often used as heatproof or acoustical materials.

Low density fiberboards have a specific gravity of between 0.15 and 0.45 and are used for insulation and for lightweight cores for furniture.

Medium density fiberboard has a specific gravity of between 0.6 and 0.8 and is mainly used as a core for furniture and is usually made using a dry process.

High density fiberboard, sometimes called hardboard, has a specific gravity of between 0.85 and 1.2 and is used as an overlay on workbenches, floors and for siding.

5.2.1 Porous Fiberboard from Waste NewspapersFlame retardant and waterproof porous fiberboards.

5.20.3.2.2(ii) Urea-formaldehydeLignin can also be used as an adhesive for fiberboard.

Fiberboard

Types of fiberboard include particle board or low-density fiberboard, medium-density fiberboard, and hardboard.

In the packaging industry, the term “Fiberboard” is often used to describe a tough kraft-based paperboard or corrugated fiberboard for boxes.

Fiberboard manufacture begins with wood chipping: fresh or recycled wood material is cut and sorted to small pieces of similar size.

The press times for PF-bonded fiberboard can be substantially reduced by manipulating the fiber mat temperatures, molecular weight distribution of PF resins and pressing parameters.

As a result, the press times for PF-bonded fiberboard can be made comparable to those for UF-bonded fiberboard.

The resin content required for PF-bonded fiberboard is less than 5% to achieve a good board quickly.

Certain types of fiberboard can be considered “Green” building products.

What Is Fiberboard?

Fiberboard is an engineered wood product made with chips of wood and a binder.

A number of products can be made with this material, including custom components.

Concerns about environmental sustainability and human health have led some producers to use alternatives for safer products.

One use for fiberboard is in cladding, in which case it may be protected with a layer of sealant.

Shared walls in apartment buildings, for example, can benefit from a fiberboard layer so neighbors can’t hear each other.

Fiberboard can also be used as a base for projects that will be upholstered or otherwise covered; some car components like rear window trays have a base made from this product, for example.

Home supply stores may carry fiberboard sheets, typically offering a range of products for different applications.

What Is Fiberboard? What Are Its Uses?

Fiberboard is a product of engineered wood made with wood fibers.

There are different kinds of fiberboard, which include LDF, and HDF (high-density fiberboard.

If you have bought an affordable entertainment center or bookcase, then most likely you have already seen an item that is made out of low-density fiberboard.

Pricier furniture items are usually made out of medium-density fiberboard.

Fiberboard is often a preferred material for roofing, especially with a low-slope roof.

Aside from cabinets, fiberboard is also seen in shelving units, as well as in moldings, doors, and floors.

If you have ever dissected a speaker, you may have noticed that they are made out of particleboard medium-density fiberboard.

High-Density Fiberboard Advantages And Disadvantages – Home Efficiency Guide

What exactly is high-density fiberboard? It’s an engineered, composite wood board.

This compression combined with heat results in a composite wood material with high density.

It serves as a reminder that engineered wood like high-density fiberboard is a material designed to be used for more aesthetic purposes in a home.

Granted, wood warping can be avoided by properly sealing the wood.

When a high-density fiberboard absorbs water, it expands, much like wood.

We already discussed the structural impacts of HDF not having a natural wood grain, but how about the aesthetic impact.

If you really appreciate the way natural wood looks, and weigh aesthetics highly in your design criteria, then HDF might not be for you.

What Is Corrugated Fiberboard?

Corrugated fiberboard, most commonly referred to as “Corrugated,” by definition is a packaging material formed by gluing a fluted corrugated sheet, or the “Medium,” to one or two sheets of flat linerboard, or the “Liner.”

Corrugated fiberboard is often called “Cardboard,” although cardboard is a broader term that refers to any heavy paperboard, even if not corrugated.

Corrugated fiberboard packaging has huge advantages including unmatched protection for the product, flexibility, and different treatments based on the need.

Considering what options are most important for your product ensures that corrugated fiberboard will be the most successful option in getting your product from point A to point B. Corrugated Is Cost-effective.

Corrugated fiberboard is the most recycled packaging material and is continuously being recycled more and more.

In 1993 only 54% of corrugated packaging was recycled; however, in 2016 the recovery rate was up to 93%. Recycling corrugated materials helps reduce the amount of waste disposed of and allows for a constant cycle of reusable material.

Corrugated fiberboard is the most economical and natural choice for your packaging-protecting your product from harsh environments and conveying a strong message.

Car Suspension

For rear-wheel drive cars, rear suspension has many constraints, and the development of the superior, but more expensive independent suspension layout has been difficult.

The opposite of this is the “Bump-stop”, which protects the suspension and the vehicle from the violent “Bottoming” of the suspension, caused when an obstruction causes suspension to run out of upward travel without fully absorbing the energy of the stroke.

To determine the percentage of front suspension braking anti-dive for outboard brakes, it is first necessary to determine the tangent of the angle between a line drawn, in side view, through the front tire patch and the front suspension instant center, and the horizontal.

A value of 50% would mean, that half of the weight transfer to the front wheels; during braking, it is being transmitted through front suspension linkage, and half is being transmitted through front suspension springs.

If suspension is externally controlled, then it is a semi-active or active suspension – the suspension is reacting to signals from an electronic controller.

Fully active suspension systems use electronic monitoring of vehicle conditions, coupled with the means to change the behavior of vehicle suspension in real time to directly control the motion of the car.

The Tilting Suspension System is not a different type or geometry of construction; moreover, it is a technology addition to the conventional suspension system.

Complete Guide To Car Suspension

Don’t worry, we’ll enlighten you on anything and everything about car suspension systems in this guide.

If you have a suspension system, then the inside wheels will remain in contact with the ground since the springs on the suspension mechanism will push the wheels towards the ground.

The correct positioning of each car suspension parts in a front wheel independent suspension system is crucial to maintaining full control of the wheels while ensuring consistent wheel alignment.

One of the inherent functions of a car suspension system is to help the car stay connected to the road’s surface.

Anti-sway bars are metal rods that join the opposing suspension systems on the same axle and are often used in tandem with suspension struts or shock absorbers.

If you really have to replace your car’s suspension system, you’re actually looking at a hefty bill of up to $5,000, often depending on the type of suspension that your vehicle currently has.

Maintaining the integrity of your car’s suspension system is tantamount to ensuring a safer drive every time you take your vehicle on the road. Here are some things you can do to maintain the optimum functioning of your suspension.

What Is A Car Suspension?- Parts, Types, How It Work

What Does a Car Suspension Do? In short, your car’s suspension system is a protective lattice of shock-absorbing components such as springs and dampers.

These parts work together to link different parts of the suspension system together.

Multi-Link is a suspension developed by Double Wishbone and Multi-Link into a suspension that has a fairly complicated construction design because it has separate parts that are held together by joints.

The suspension is not only useful to help reduce vibrations when the car is driving but can make handling safer and let the car can run stably on the road. With its very significant use, of course, the suspension is a must-have component in a car and it must get extra care.

Differentiating the type of suspension in each car brand is certainly a way to balance the type of car.

The drawback of this suspension is that it has a very complicated construction when compared to other types of suspension.

How does a car suspension work? A suspension works on the principle of force dissipation which involves converting force into heat thus removing the impact that force would have made.

The Basics Of Automotive Suspension Systems

The engine, no matter how powerful, won’t do you any good unless you can maintain the contact between the rubber and the road. Because of that, the car suspension is one of the most important systems on any vehicle.

One of the main reasons why automotive suspension exists and why it’s so complex, is to make driving a comfortable experience at relatively high speeds.

Most modern suspension systems are based around three main components – linkage, springs, and shock absorbers.

Performance springs are usually the first suspension upgrade most enthusiasts perform on their cars.

Now that we’ve gone over the most important parts of any suspension system, let’s discuss some of the most common terms you’ll run into when discussing car suspension.

Dependent and independent suspension are terms that tell you whether each wheel has its own suspension setup, or whether both wheels are linked by a solid axle.

With front-wheel-drive cars, the front suspension is always independent, while many manufacturers utilize dependent suspension in the rear.

Automobile Suspension Explained

We will go in length on how suspension provides comfort to the driver and people inside a car by discussing how a suspension works.

The job of a spring in a suspension system is to store the energy that is generated when the car goes through a bump.

There are some components that are not in between the car and the suspension thus they are not supported by the suspension.

Not all suspension can do this task thus making double-wishbone a really strong suspension system in faster cars.

Due to the freedom of movement of the control arms, a car with the double-wishbone suspension system can go through large holes or bumps in the road and it will still cushion the blow.

Made by the man named Earle S. MacPherson in the year 1945 MacPherson struts still find use in cars that want a reliable yet cheap suspension system lets learn about this suspension system from its construction to its advantage below.

As we studied above every car suspension provide comfort and makes sure that all the tire are equally on the ground and not being uneven causing tire wear and less contact on the ground.

How Car Suspension Systems Work

On the surface it appears the suspension of a car has a pretty straightforward job.

In reality, the suspension system has a massive amount to do and the components have to withstand an enormous amount of stress compared to other major systems in a car.

Ideally, well-tuned suspension will absorb bumps and other imperfections in the road so the people inside the car can travel comfortably.

The positioning of every component in independent front suspension systems is very important as the front wheels have to steer and maintain consistent alignment to provide safe vehicle operation.

How does the suspension system help the car stay connected to the road?

To feel stable when stopping, a car needs suspension that doesn’t let the front dive down whenever the brakes are pushed.

For smooth acceleration, suspension that prevents the car from squatting down in back when the throttle is opened is required.

How Car Suspension Works

There are various ways of attaching the wheels of the car so that they can move up and down on their springs and dampers , and do so with as little change as possible in the distance between adjacent wheels or in the near-vertical angle of the tyres to the road. The front wheels must be free to pivot on their steering swivels.

The driven wheels, whether front or rear, must also be free to rotate with the drive shafts.

Instead of sharing a common axle, each wheel on a car with independent suspension.

On front wheels, the whole strut swivels to allow steering.

A trailing arm is attached to the wheel hub at one end, and extends forward to a pivot on the frame.

A leading arm , used only at the front, is the opposite of a trailing arm, with the wheel in front of the pivot.

When one wheel moves up it pulls up one end of the bar and the other end pulls up the other wheel, keeping the car level.

Whipped Cream Recipe

218.7IU 4 %. niacin equivalents.

0.1mg 1 %. vitamin c.: 0.1mg. folate.

Whipped Cream Recipe

Place a metal mixing bowl and metal whisk into the freezer for 10 to 15 minutes.

Place the sugar into the mixing bowl and add the whipping cream.

Store any unused portion in an airtight container for up to 10 hours.

How To Make Whipped Cream

I’d pour liquid heavy cream into a cold bowl then using just a whisk and a little effort my secret power was revealed-I could transform “Milk” into sweetened whipped cream perfect for topping strawberries.

Whipped cream goes from soft peaks to firm peaks to butter in the blink of an eye.

Personally, I prefer loose and droopy whipped cream most of the time, so I generally stop at the soft peak stage, but you can make your whipped cream as soft or as firm as you like it.

Add the extract or flavoring during the last minute of whipping-if you add it too soon, it will deflate the whipped cream a little bit.

If it’s really hot outside or if you want the whipped cream to be firm enough to pipe, you need the whipped cream to be sturdy and long lasting at room temperature.

This can be done by adding liquefied gelatin, cream cheese, or mascarpone cheese to the heavy cream after it’s been whipped to soft peaks and the sugar has been added.

I use a hand whisk because it’s easier to control how thick my whipped cream becomes.

How To Make Perfect Whipped Cream

Real whipped cream is light yet creamy, soft yet rich, and easy to dollop onto pies and cakes and ice cream.

Sure, you can buy something labeled whipped cream in a can or a plastic tub, but it isn’t real cream.

Cold cream whips up the quickest and lightest; chilling the bowl and whisk or beaters for at least 15 minutes before whipping the cream will speed things along, too.

You can also add 1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract to each 1/2 to 1 cup cream for vanilla-scented whipped cream if you like.

Softly whipped cream dollops nicely and maintains a smooth, creamy texture; cream beaten to stiff peaks starts getting a slightly grainy texture and can quickly separate into butter and buttermilk if over-beaten.

Whipped cream is delicious right after being whipped, but it can also be covered and chilled for up to 24 hours without too much ill effect, so feel free to whip the cream before guests show up.

Some people recommend using powdered sugar or confectioners’ sugar to sweetened and stabilize whipped cream that is going to sit a bit, although I’ve never found that cream that isn’t over-beaten needs stabilizing.

How To Make Whipped Cream At Home

Learn how to make whipped cream at home with our foolproof recipe for fresh whipped cream.

While you wait for the after-dinner coffee to brew, you can make a batch of whipped cream to top your dessert.

To make whipped cream at home, turn to our Test Kitchen’s sweetened whipped cream recipe.

Did you know that sweetened whipped cream is also called chantilly cream? Pull that out of your back pocket when you really want to impress!

Mixing bowl: Whipped cream is fluffiest when whipped in a cold bowl.

For homemade whipped cream, rely on heavy cream or heavy whipping cream for the richest, airiest whipped cream.

Whipped cream tastes best and has the right consistency right after it’s made, so you should plan to enjoy your desserts with whipped cream the same day, or the next day at the latest.

Whipped Cream

Whipped cream is liquid heavy cream that is whipped by a whisk or mixer until it is light and fluffy and holds its shape, or by the expansion of dissolved gas, forming a firm colloid.

By the end of the 19th century, centrifuge-separated, high-fat cream made it much faster and easier to make whipped cream.

Various desserts consisting of whipped cream in pyramidal shapes with coffee, liqueurs, chocolate, fruits, and so on either in the mixture or poured on top were called crème en mousse ‘cream in a foam’, crème fouettée, crème mousseuse ‘foamy cream’, mousse ‘foam’, and fromage la Chantilly ‘Chantilly-style molded cream’, as early as 1768.

The name Chantilly is first connected with whipped cream in the mid-18th century, around the time that the Baronne d’Oberkirch praised the “Cream” served at a lunch at the Hameau de Chantilly-but did not say what exactly it was, or call it Chantilly cream.

The earliest known recipe for a non-dairy whipped cream was published by Ella Eaton Kellogg in 1904; consistent with her Seventh-day Adventist practices, it replaced cream with almond butter.

Crémet d’Anjou [fr] is made of whipped cream and whipped egg whites.

Fontainebleau [fr] and crémet d’Angers [fr] include whipped cream and whipped fromage frais, and are typically served in a cheese drainer, recalling the former process of draining whipped cream.

Balance Of Trade Definition

Balance of trade is the largest component of a country’s balance of payments.

Sometimes the balance of trade between a country’s goods and the balance of trade between its services are distinguished as two separate figures.

The balance of trade is also referred to as the trade balance, the international trade balance, commercial balance, or the net exports.

Conversely, a country that exports more goods and services than it imports has a trade surplus or a positive trade balance.

Conversely, the United States had the largest trade deficit, even with the ongoing trade war with China, with the United Kingdom and Brazil coming in second and third.

In August, the United States had a trade balance of -$67.1 billion, or a $67.1 billion trade deficit.

A country with a large trade deficit borrows money to pay for its goods and services, while a country with a large trade surplus lends money to deficit countries.

Definition, Formula, And Example

The balance of trade, also known as the trade balance, refers to the difference between the monetary value of a country’s imports and exports over a given time period.

A positive trade balance indicates a trade surplus while a negative trade balance indicates a trade deficit.

To the misconception of many, a positive or negative trade balance does not necessarily indicate a healthy or weak economy.

Whether a positive or negative BOT is beneficial for an economy depends on the countries involved, the trade policy decisions, the duration of the positive or negative BOT, and the size of the trade imbalance, among other things.

Economists generally agree that neither trade surpluses or trade deficits are inherently “Bad” or “Good” for the economy.

A negative trade balance occurs when exports < imports and is referred to as a trade deficit.

Key TakeawaysThe balance of trade refers to the difference between a country’s exports and imports.

How To Calculate?

Suppose the USA imported $1.8 trillion in 2016 but exported $1.2 trillion to other countries, then the USA had a trade balance of -$600 billion, or a $600 billion trade deficit.

In effect, an economy with a trade surplus lends money to deficit countries, whereas an economy with a large trade deficit borrows money to pay for its goods and services.

The US has had a trade deficit since 1976, whereas China has had a trade surplus since 1995.

For the balance of trade examples in economic growth, countries prefer to import more to promote price competition, limiting inflation.

Let us take another balance of trade example – Hong Kong, in general, always has a trade deficit.

Another balance of trade example is Canada, whose small trade deficit results from economic growth.

We discuss a trade surplus and trade deficit.

Balance Of Trade: Definition, Calculation, Favorable Vs. Unfavorable

The balance of trade is the value of a country’s exports minus its imports.

A country’s trade balance equals the value of its exports minus its imports.

Many countries implement trade policies that encourage a trade surplus.

To maintain a trade surplus, some nations resort to trade protectionism.

The balance of trade is the most significant component of the balance of payments.

The balance of payments adds international investments plus net income made on those investments to the trade balance.

A country can run a trade deficit, but still have a surplus in its balance of payments.

United States Balance Of Trade

The US trade gap in both goods and services rose 27% to hit $859 billion in 2021, an annual record as imports grew faster than exports.

In December alone, the deficit increased to $80.7 billion from a downwardly revised $79.3 billion gap in November and close to a record high of $80.8 billion in September, as imports surged to an all-time high as businesses were restocking the shelves.

Balance of Trade in the United States averaged -16321.

This page provides the latest reported value for – United States Balance of Trade – plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

United States Balance of Trade – data, historical chart, forecasts and calendar of releases – was last updated on March of 2022.

Balance of Trade in the United States is expected to be -72000.

In the long-term, the United States Balance of Trade is projected to trend around -51000.

Definition, Formula And Examples

The positive trade balance is the indicator of the trade surplus while on the other hand, the negative trade balance is associated with the trade deficit.

A country arrives at the balance of trade or trade balance by subtracting its imports from its exports.

A trade surplus also termed a positive trade balance occurs when exports are more in value than imports, and a trade deficit occurs when the imports exceed the exports.

Nations having a considerable trade deficit engage in borrowing money for paying for the goods or services, while those with a trade surplus help those with a trade deficit by lending money.

Several countries consider trade surplus to be better than trade deficit, and therefore they have adopted trade policies that ensure more exports are made.

Balance of trade includes only those imports and exports visible; for instance, when some merchandise is exported or imported, it will become a part of the balance of trade.

Now, after understanding the concept of BOT, what is your definition of balance of trade? Share with us in the comment section below.

Balance Of Trade

If a country exports a greater value than it imports, it has a trade surplus or positive trade balance, and conversely, if a country imports a greater value than it exports, it has a trade deficit or negative trade balance.

The monetary balance of trade is different from the physical balance of trade.

An early statement concerning the balance of trade appeared in Discourse of the Common Wealth of this Realm of England, 1549: “We must always take heed that we buy no more from strangers than we sell them, for so should we impoverish ourselves and enrich them.” Similarly, a systematic and coherent explanation of balance of trade was made public through Thomas Mun’s 1630 “England’s treasure by foreign trade, or, The balance of our foreign trade is the rule of our treasure”.

The reason for the trade deficit is that Armenia’s foreign trade is limited by its landlocked location and border disputes with Turkey and Azerbaijan, to the west and east respectively.

A trade surplus is a positive net balance of trade, and a trade deficit is a negative net balance of trade.

Due to the balance of trade being explicitly added to the calculation of the nation’s gross domestic product using the expenditure method of calculating gross domestic product, trade surpluses are contributions and trade deficits are “Drags” upon their nation’s GDP; however, foreign made goods sold contribute to total GDP. Balance of trade Balance of payments Includes only visible imports and exports, i.e. imports and exports of merchandise.

The balance of trade thus forms a part of the balance of payments.

Definition, Examples, How It Works?

Deficit spending refers to the technique by which an entity spends more than its revenue during a specific period.

Deficit spending’s definition explains it as spending more than what is available as income.

Deficit spending is considered necessary during economic downturns because the government spending exceeding its revenue during a recession will result in a multiplier effect, ultimately leading to economic upliftment.

The new deal and other spending programs introduced during the Great Depression changed the way many people think about federal deficit spending and its impact on the economy.

Frequently Asked Questions What is deficit spending, and how does it work? Deficit spending’s meaning implies that it occurs when the spending in quantitative terms exceeds the income earned during a specific period like the fiscal year.

Why does the government use deficit spending? Governments intentionally use it as a fiscal policy to revive the economy stuck in a recession or depression.

Here, we discuss examples of deficit spending and the great depression of the U.S and its causes.

Deficit Spending

In the simplest terms, deficit spending is when a government’s expenditures exceed its revenues during a fiscal period, causing it to run a budget deficit.

The phrase “Deficit spending” often implies a Keynesian approach to economic stimulus, in which the government takes on debt while using its spending power to create demand and stimulate the economy.

The concept of deficit spending as economic stimulus is typically credited to the liberal British economist John Maynard Keynes.

In his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Employment, Keynes argued that during a recession or depression, a decline in consumer spending could be balanced by an increase in government spending.

This view dates to 19th century British economist David Ricardo, who argued that because people know the deficit spending must eventually be repaid through higher taxes, they will save their money instead of spending it.

A new school of economic thought called Modern Monetary Theory has taken up fight on behalf of Keynesian deficit spending and is gaining influence, particularly on the left.

Proponents of MMT argue that as long as inflation is contained, a country with its own currency doesn’t need to worry about accumulating too much debt through deficit spending because it can always print more money to pay for it.

What Is Deficit Spending?

Deficit spending occurs when the federal government spends more than it collects.

The debt generated by any given year’s deficit spending increases national debt, which is now more than $20 trillion.

Deficit spending, otherwise known as running a budget deficit, is caused by the government’s spending exceeding its revenues.

Other spending is non-discretionary, sometimes referred to as mandatory spending, and occurs automatically, through defined spending programs or automatically adjusted spending based on circumstances.

In some cases, the government will generate the money – that is, expand the nation’s money supply – to cover its spending directly.

As a result, social insurance programs are not currently drawing on other government revenues or contributing to deficit spending.

Deficit spending occurs when the government spends more than it collects in revenues during a given budget year.

Deficit Spending

Within the budgetary process, deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.

The mainstream economics position is that deficit spending is desirable and necessary as part of countercyclical fiscal policy, but that there should not be a structural deficit: The government should run deficits during recessions to compensate for the shortfall in aggregate demand, but should run surpluses in boom times so that there is no net deficit over an economic cycle.

This position is attacked from both sides: Advocates of federal-level fiscal conservatism argue that deficit spending is always bad policy, while some post-Keynesian economists-particularly neo-chartalists or proponents of Modern Monetary Theory-argue that deficit spending is necessary for the issuance of new money, and not only for fiscal stimulus.

Continuing in this vein, Chartalists argue that a structural deficit is necessary for monetary expansion in an expanding economy: if the economy grows, the money supply should as well, which should be accomplished by government deficit spending.

When the outlay of a government exceeds its tax revenues, the government budget is said to be in deficit; government spending in excess of tax receipts is known as deficit spending.

The total budget deficit, or headline deficit, is equal to the sum of the structural deficit and the cyclical deficit.

The overall government budget balance is determined by the sum of the cyclical deficit or surplus and the structural deficit or surplus.

U.S. Budget Deficit By Year

The U.S. budget deficit is how much more the federal government spends annually than it receives in revenue during that same time period.

The federal government’s budget for fiscal year 2022 estimated that the fiscal year 2022 budget deficit would be $1.15 trillion.

The Congressional Budget Office estimated by July 2021 that the fiscal year 2021 deficit would be $3 trillion.

The budget deficit should be compared to the country’s ability to pay it back.

The first column represents the fiscal year, followed by the deficit for that year in billions.

The estimated fiscal year budget deficit is from the CBO and was released on July 1, 2021.

Economists debate the merits of running a budget deficit, so there isn’t one agreed-upon situation where a deficit is considered good or bad. Generally, a deficit is a byproduct of expansionary fiscal policy, which is designed to stimulate the economy and create jobs.

The Current Federal Deficit And Debt

Every month the U.S. Treasury releases data on the federal budget, including the current deficit.

The budget ran a deficit of $217 billion in February 2022, an improvement of $94 billion from the deficit recorded in February 2021.

This February, outlays were $53 billion lower than they were in the same month last year, and revenues were $42 billion higher.

The cumulative deficit for the first five months of FY22 was $571 billion less than it was through the first five months of FY21, reflecting a $371 billion increase in revenues and a $201 billion decrease in outlays.

The government has collected $81 billion in receipts from auctions of electromagnetic spectrum this year.

Debt Held by the Public at the end of February 2022: $23.8 trillion.

Debt Held by the Public at the end of February 2021: $21.8 trillion.

6 Pros And Cons Of Deficit Spending – Green Garage

Whether used in government, economics, or finance, the underlying principle of deficit spending is the same-less income, more spending.

For this article, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of deficit spending in the context of government, where a governing body of a nation that is in recession needs to borrow heavily from other nations or financing entities in order to spend on infrastructure.

It forces the government to have more control on spending.

They need to make wise decisions when prioritizing projects and spending.

With deficit spending, a government can have the means to pay for its armed forces so it still has security and the capability to fight.

The government in debt may have to change its spending policies and laws.

Some economists say that deficit spending can work if the money is spent on the right kinds of projects that will spur economic growth.

S Definition & Meaning

s. an ending used in writing to represent the possessive morpheme after most singular nouns, some plural nouns, especially those not ending in a letter or combination of letters representing an s. or z. sound, noun phrases, and noun substitutes, as in man’s, women’s, baby’s, James’s, witness’s,, king of England’s, or anyone’s.

s. S1.or s. [ es ]. / ɛs /. noun, plural.

Any spoken sound represented by the letter S or s, as in saw, sense, or goose.

Something having the shape of an S. a written or printed representation of the letter S or s. a device, as a printer’s type, for reproducing the letter S or s.Other definitions for.

s. a native English suffix used in the formation of adverbs: always; betimes; needs; unawares.

s.an ending marking nouns as plural, occurring also on nouns that have no singular, or on nouns that have a singular with a different meaning.

Forming the possessive of plural nouns ending in the sound s. or z. and of some singular nouns.

‘S Definition & Meaning

Used with let let’s -‘s. noun suffix or pronoun suffix.

s., after voiceless consonants other than s., sh.

z., after vowels and voiced consonants other than z., zh.

j. -used to form the possessive of singular nouns.

Boy’s , of plural nouns not ending in s children’s , of some pronouns.

Anyone’s , and of word groups functioning as nouns.

What Does /S/ Mean In A Signature And Why Is It Used?

A conformed signature is a typed signature that is utilized to allow for fast and frictionless signing of documents online.

A conformed signature replaces the traditional signature line with a typed name preceded with a “/s/” designation.

As a business owner, your signatures are constantly needed, and the ability to utilize a conformed signature whenever possible will save time and effort.

Convenience of a conformed signature is what has drawn many to utilize it, and some government agencies now accept it in lieu of a traditional signature.

To save paper and reduce the number of intermediary steps, conformed signatures offer a perfect efficient solution to a signature.

The signature itself is not more reliable than a standard signature, and as such, makes the acceptance of e-signatures vary greatly, especially when it comes to geographic location.

Overall, the “/s/” in a signature line signifies that a conformed signature is being utilized in lieu of a traditional handwritten signature.

Fitch Downgrades Logan Group To ‘CCC’ On Increased Liquidity Risks

Fitch Ratings – Hong Kong – 11 Mar 2022: Fitch Ratings has downgraded China-based homebuilder Logan Group Company Limited’s Long-Term Foreign- and Local-Currency Issuer Default Ratings to ‘CCC’, from ‘B+’. Fitch has also downgraded the senior unsecured rating and the rating on Logan’s outstanding US-dollar senior notes to ‘CCC’, from ‘B+’, maintaining a Recovery Rating ‘RR4’. The rating on Logan’s subordinated perpetual capital securities has been downgraded to ‘CC’, from ‘B-‘, maintaining a Recovery Rating of ‘RR6’. All ratings removed from Rating Watch Negative.

The rating downgrade is driven by Logan’s poor liquidity, rather than its off-balance-sheet private debt, which has a negative impact on the credit profile, and is relevant to the ratings in conjunction with other factors.

Logan’s ratings reflect decreasing margin of safety in its liquidity amid negative market sentiment.

KEY RECOVERY RATING ASSUMPTIONS. – The recovery analysis assumes that Logan would be liquidated in a bankruptcy because it is essentially an asset-trading company.

International scale credit ratings of Non-Financial Corporate issuers have a best-case rating upgrade scenario of three notches over a three-year rating horizon; and a worst-case rating downgrade scenario of four notches over three years.

The complete span of best- and worst-case scenario credit ratings for all rating categories ranges from ‘AAA’ to ‘D’. Best- and worst-case scenario credit ratings are based on historical performance.

PARTICIPATION STATUS. The rated entity or, in the case of structured finance, one or more of the transaction parties participated in the rating process except that the following issuer(s), if any, did not participate in the rating process, or provide additional information, beyond the issuer’s available public disclosure: Logan Group Company Limited.

Keller Williams Real Estate Broker

Our mission at The Logan Group is to provide a client-focused, relationship-driven experience, coupled with cutting-edge marketing, all while delivering concierge-level service that goes well beyond just a real estate transaction.

Whether you are a first-time home buyer, seasoned seller, or experienced investor, we hope to earn your trust and put our years of expertise to work for you.

Tarifs Particuliers & Pros, Contacts

87014 Limoge Cedex 1 Espace Clients Accès l’espace client d’EDF Produits Offres d’électricité et de gaz EDF Particuliers : Toutes les offres d’électricité et de gaz.

L’option Tempo est exclusivement réserver aux clients EDF particuliers qui ont souscrit une offre avec une puissance de 9kVA et +. Elle est unique en son genre puisqu’elle propose un prix du kWh qui varie selon la couleur du jour.

Elle était aussi exclusivement réservée aux clients EDF particuliers.

Avis des clients sur EDF. Les clients qui ne sont pas satisfaits des services du fournisseur peuvent contacter le Médiateur EDF. Le médiateur interne du fournisseur historique est un organisme indépendant dont le but est de trouver des solutions l’amiable aux conflits entre les consommateurs et le EDF. Présentation du fournisseur historique d’électricité EDF. Electricité de France est l’une des entreprises préférées des Français.

Depuis le 1er juillet 2007, EDF propose également des offres de fourniture de gaz naturel pour les particuliers.

Si vous êtes déjà client d’EDF, vous pouvez vous connecter votre espace client EDF en cliquant sur le menu “Mon espace client” sur la portail EDF Particuliers.

Un deuxième espace client est disponible pour tout ce qui concerne les obligations d’achats d’électricité avec EDF OA. Le fournisseur historique a l’obligation de racheter les excès de production des particuliers dans le cadre de l’autoconsommation.

Électricité De France 📞 Numéros Gratuits

Cliquer dans l’image pour visiter le site officiel.

0820333433Prix d’un appel local depuis un poste fixe.

Numéros non-géographiques fixes0970833333.

Pour relever votre compteur et régler votre facture par carte bancaire0800123333.

Appel depuis la France métropolitaine uniquement0800473333.

Pour gérer votre contrat d’énergie.

Numéros gratuits dans cet site signifie sans surtaxé, généralement inclus dans les forfaits téléphoniques, ou bien qu’ils ont une tarif gratuite.

Pourquoi Le Prix De L’Électricité Dépend-Il Du Gaz ? ⌁ SirEnergies

Ce phénomène s’est accentué de façon spectaculaire depuis le début de l’année 2022, le gaz a augmenté de 60%, on peut donc parler d’envolée du prix du gaz.

C’est-à-dire qu’à chaque instant le prix de marché est égal au coût de production de la centrale la plus chère de tout le réseau interconnecté européen, et ce même si la part de production de cette centrale représente une part infime de la production totale, car ce mécanisme de formation des prix de gros est indépendant des quantités produites.

C’est le principe de la préséance économique qui consiste démarrer les centrales de production de la moins chère la plus chère au fur et mesure que la demande augmente et rémunérer l’électricité produite un instant T au prix de la dernière centrale appelée fonctionner pour garantir l’équilibre entre l’offre et la demande d’électricité et équilibrer la tension sur le réseau 50 Hz.Le coût marginal de production maître étalon des prix de gros de l’électricité.

Et donc en cas de forte tension en Europe sur la demande en électricité, c’est-à-dire en cas de mobilisation des centrales de production de pointe, le prix résultant sur le marché de gros sera bien supérieur la valeur moyenne de la production au même moment.

Ainsi, si le prix du gaz flambe sur les marchés du gaz, par effet de ricochet : dès qu’une centrale gaz sera appelée en production, son coût de production s’appliquera mécaniquement l’ensemble de l’électricité produite sur le réseau interconnecté européen, même si cette électricité est globalement produite partir de barrage hydraulique ou de centrales nucléaires dont les coûts sont bien plus faibles et quasiment stables.

Et c’est sans oublié le prix du CO2 qui s’applique la production électrique des centrales fossiles, et donc des centrales gaz, qui surenchérit le prix de production des centrales gaz et par effet mécanique du principe exposé ci-dessus de préséance économique, l’ensemble de la production électrique, qu’elles soient d’origine nucléaire, hydraulique ou encore éolienne.

On observe donc la lumière de la crise actuelle les limites du modèle de mécanisme de marché construit sur le principe de la préséance économique et du coût marginal de la dernière centrale appelée qui conduit une hausse dramatique des prix pour le consommateur final.

Production D’Électricité En France

L’électricité est produite partir de plusieurs filières en France : le nucléaire, le gaz, l’hydraulique, le fioul, le charbon, les bioénergies, le solaire, l’éolien, etc.

Mais quelle est la filière qui produit le plus d’électricité en France ? Et quelle est la répartition de l’électricité produite par filière ?.

En France, en 2020, il est la 3e source de production d’électricité, derrière le nucléaire et l’hydroélectricité.

Sa part dans le mix énergétique français a considérablement augmenté durant ces 10 dernières années : elle est de 8 % au 1er janvier 2021 avec 10 235 MW installée cependant sa contribution la production d’électricité n’est que de 2,5 %. Les installations en autoconsommation raccordées au réseau au premier trimestre ont franchi la barre symbolique des 100 000 selon Enedis.

Enfin, passé ce pic, qui est le moment de la journée où l’électricité est la plus consommée en France en cette saison, nous observons une baisse qui va globalement continuer pendant les heures creuses jusqu’au lendemain matin.

La filière hydraulique est également très développée en France puisqu’elle est la deuxième plus grande source de production d’électricité.

Elle est notamment bien plus importante en hiver qu’en été. Cela s’explique par les besoins en énergie plus importants lors de cette saison mais également de part l’importance des pics journaliers.

Ex-Dividend Date Definition

Declaration Date The first of these stages is the declaration date.

Ex-Dividend Date The third stage is the ex-dividend date, which is the date that determines which of these shareholders will be entitled to receive the dividend.

Typically, the ex-dividend date is set one business day before the record date.

Payable Date The fourth and final stage is the payable date, also known as the payment date.

Let’s say a company announces a dividend equivalent to 2% of its stock price; its stock may decline by 2% on the ex-dividend date.

To illustrate this process, consider a company that declares an upcoming dividend on Tuesday, July 30th. If the record date is Thursday, Aug. 8, the ex-dividend date would be Wednesday, Aug. 7, meaning anyone who bought the stock on Aug. 7th or later would not receive a dividend.

Illustration of Key Stages of the Dividend Issuance Process Declaration Date Ex-Dividend Date Record Date Payable Date Tuesday July 30th Wednesday Aug. 7th Thursday Aug. 8th Sept. 7th Correction-Feb. 16, 2022: A previous version of this article misstated when the ex-dividend date falls relative to the record date.

Once the company sets the record date, the ex-dividend date is set based on stock exchange rules.

The ex-dividend date for stocks is usually set one business day before the record date.

If you purchase a stock on its ex-dividend date or after, you will not receive the next dividend payment.

With a significant dividend, the price of a stock may fall by that amount on the ex-dividend date.

If the dividend is 25% or more of the stock value, special rules apply to the determination of the ex-dividend date.

The ex-dividend date is set the first business day after the stock dividend is paid.

If you sell your stock before the ex-dividend date, you also are selling away your right to the stock dividend.

Free Dividend Calendar

On the ex-dividend date, at the opening of trading, Company A’s stock will be marked down by 3%. Any investor buying stock will be purchasing it at the discounted price, $145.50, but they will not be able to receive the upcoming dividend if they were not already a shareholder.

There are four key dates that are part of the dividend issuing process.

Yes, as long as they are a shareholder of record on the ex-dividend date, they will receive the dividend.

Although investors usually factor in the anticipated decline in price as the ex-dividend day draws closer, many stocks have been known to go through a period of heightened interest prior to the ex-dividend date as more investors seek to get the dividend.

A better approach for investors looking to profit from dividend capture would be to use either fundamental analysis or technical analysis to predict which stocks may be more likely to trade higher prior to their ex-dividend date.

Despite the presumption that dividend investing can be boring and conservative, savvy investors frequently buy dividend stocks as part of their portfolio because of the benefits that come from receiving regular dividends.

The ex-dividend date is a firm date and once the date arrives, any new investors that buy the stock will not receive the upcoming dividend.

What Is A Stock’S Ex-Dividend Date?

In order to understand how the ex-dividend date works in the context of dividend investing, there are three key dates and definitions you need to know.

Ex-dividend date: The first day a stock trades without its dividend included in the share price.

Investors who buy shares before the ex-dividend date are entitled to the upcoming dividend payment, while those who acquired shares on or after this date are not.

Date of record: Since it takes a few days – three for stocks – before a trade is settled or finalized, this is the date when the company creates a roster of its shareholders to determine who gets the dividend and who doesn’t.

For stocks, the date of record is always two trading days after the ex-dividend date.

Pay date: This is the date when the dividend is actually paid to shareholders, and is generally several days after the date of record.

Since the ex-dividend date is always two trading days before the date of record, this means that shares will trade without the $0.38 dividend as of Wednesday, May 4.

Examples & Meaning

If you buy a stock on/after the ex-dividend date, you won’t be entitled to receive the company’s next upcoming dividend payment.

The record date is one business day after the ex-dividend date and determines who the shareholders on the record are.

After the record date has been determined, the stock exchange assigns the ex-dividend date.

The ex-dividend date is normally set one business day before the record date.

If a stock is trading at $100 and pays a quarterly dividend of $3 per share, then the stock will open on the ex-dividend date at roughly $97.Of course, the stock prices move and up and down based on other factors besides the dividends being paid.

The stock ex-dividend date is one business day before the record date.

As the ex-dividend date approaches, the price of a stock may move up by the dollar amount of the dividend, then fall by that amount after the ex-dividend date.

Best Ex-Dividend Date Search Tool For Stocks, ETFs And Funds

The ex-dividend date is the day on which all shares bought and sold no longer come attached with the right to be paid the most recently declared dividend.

Why do Ex-Dividend Dates Matter? All dividend payout and date information on this website is provided for information purposes only.

In a nutshell, if you buy a dividend stock before the ex-dividend date, then you will receive the next upcoming dividend payment.

The ex-dividend date is arguably the most important date to know for a particular stock, as it dictates whether or not you receive the dividend as an investor; the remaining three major dividend dates take something of a backseat to ex-dates.

Ex-dividend dates are set by the respective stock exchange or by the National Association of Securities Dealers and falls two days before the date of record, another important dividend date.

Note that the ex-dividend date is typically one month after the date of declaration and a little over a month prior to the actual payment date of the dividend.

Here is an example of a typical dividend date schedule for the hypothetical stock ABC:.Date Dividend Date July 5th Date of Declaration August 5th Ex-Dividend Date August 7th Date of Record September 7th Payment Date.

Ex Date Dividends

The dividend Ex-Date is set for stocks one business days prior the record date, according to the current T+2 settlement cycle except under specified circumstances.

The Ex-Date Dividends report publishes those instances where Ex-dates are not set one business days prior to the record date, such as when a date is floating or when due bills are attached.

Wikipedia

Novavax has indicated it recognizes a continued need for innovative vaccines in other therapeutic areas and reports it has taken steps to ensure continued advancement of its influenza vaccine.

Their vaccine, Nuvaxovid, was approved in the European Union at the end of 2021 and in Canada in February 2022, as the fifth vaccine against COVID-19, following Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen and AstraZeneca.

In March 2015, the company completed a Phase I trial for its Ebola vaccine candidate, as well as a phase II study in adults for its RSV vaccine, which would become ResVax.

From the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to fund early-stage evaluation in healthy adults of the company’s COVID-19 vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 and to develop resources in preparation for large-scale manufacturing, if the vaccine proves successful.

On December 17, 2021, the World Health Organization added Novavax’s Covovax vaccine, jointly developed with the Serum Institute of India, to the list of approved coronavirus vaccines for emergency use.

The vaccine can then be used in the Covax programme for the supply of vaccines to low and middle income countries.

On 20 December 2021, the European Medicines Agency recommended Novavax’s Nuvaxovid vaccine for conditional marketing authorisation, which was formally approved by the European Commission, making it the fifth approved COVID-19 vaccine in the European Union after Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Janssen and AstraZeneca.

Novavax, Inc. Receives $204.86 Consensus Target Price From Brokerages

Shares of Novavax, Inc. have received a consensus rating of “Buy” from the eight research firms that are currently covering the stock, Marketbeat Ratings reports.

B. Riley cut their price target on shares of Novavax from $265.00 to $250.00 in a report on Wednesday, March 2nd. HC Wainwright dropped their target price on shares of Novavax from $294.00 to $207.00 and set a “Buy” rating on the stock in a report on Thursday, March 3rd. JPMorgan Chase & Co. increased their price objective on shares of Novavax from $172.00 to $209.00 and gave the stock a “Neutral” rating in a report on Tuesday, December 21st. Cowen assumed coverage on shares of Novavax in a research report on Friday, January 21st. They issued an “Outperform” rating and a $150.00 target price for the company.

Novavax last released its quarterly earnings data on Monday, February 28th. The biopharmaceutical company reported earnings per share for the quarter, missing the consensus estimate of by.

As a group, sell-side analysts expect that Novavax will post 22.84 earnings per share for the current fiscal year.

In other Novavax news, EVP John A. Herrmann III sold 5,000 shares of the business’s stock in a transaction dated Monday, January 3rd. The stock was sold at an average price of $140.91, for a total transaction of $704,550.

Insider Gregory M. Glenn sold 1,686 shares of the business’s stock in a transaction dated Wednesday, December 15th. The stock was sold at an average price of $174.13, for a total value of $293,583.

Finally, Connor Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. grew its holdings in shares of Novavax by 173.6% during the 3rd quarter.

Novavax Announces Launch Of Global Vaccine Education Programs

“Novavax’ vaccines are built on a well-understood protein-based platform used for other vaccines for decades, and we are committed to fighting the current pandemic and aiding in overall global public health,” said John Trizzino.

“We’re proud to do our part to ensure that all stakeholders have awareness about their vaccine options through the launch of educational programs such as these.”

The programs intend to inspire people to learn more about how vaccines have helped millions of lives and encourage those who have not yet been vaccinated to consider a differentiated option.

The vaccine is also under review by multiple regulatory agencies worldwide.

In addition to its COVID-19 vaccine, Novavax is also currently evaluating a COVID-seasonal influenza combination vaccine in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, which combines NVX-CoV2373 and NanoFlu, its quadrivalent influenza investigational vaccine candidate.

These vaccine candidates incorporate Novavax’ proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.

Forward-Looking StatementsStatements herein relating to the future of Novavax, its operating plans and prospects, its partnerships, the timing of clinical trial results, the ongoing development of NVX-CoV2373, including a COVID-seasonal influenza combination vaccine candidate with NanoFlu, its quadrivalent influenza investigational vaccine candidate, the scope, timing and outcome of future regulatory filings and actions, the potential impact of Novavax and NVX-CoV2373 in addressing global vaccine access and education, controlling the pandemic, and protecting populations, and the efficacy, safety, and intended utilization of NVX-CoV2373 are forward-looking statements.

Novavax’S COVID-19 Vaccine: What You Need To Know

The Novavax vaccine uses a custom-made spike protein that mimics the natural spike protein in the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Novavax has for years worked on developing its recombinant nanoparticle technology, and created the first COVID-19 vaccine using this method in the spring of 2020.

Early vaccine trial results published by Novavax revealed a strong antibody response to the vaccine in animals.

Novavax announced on June 14, 2021, that the vaccine was 90.4% effective in a preliminary analysis of data from its Phase 3 trial in the U.S. and Mexico.

Like other COVID-19 vaccine candidates, the Novavax vaccine has been tested in adults aged 18 and up.

While the vaccine itself is free, the facility or agency that offers the vaccine may seek reimbursement for administration costs from heal insurance plans or public health programs.

In Phase 3, adverse events “Occurred at low levels and were balanced between vaccine and placebo groups.” according to Novavax.

Chart Wars: Between Moderna And Novavax, Which COVID Stock Will Soar Higher?

The pharmaceutical stocks have been heavily beaten down over the past many months, with Moderna declining over 70% from its Aug. 10, 2021 all-time high of 497.49 and Novavax plummeting about 76% from its all-time high of 331.68 printed on Feb. 9 of that same year, when the COVID-19 pandemic plagued the global community.

On Monday, Deutsche Bank maintains its Hold rating on Moderna and lowered its price target to $155. On March 3, HC Wainwright & Co. Maintained its Buy rating on Novavax, but lowered the price target to $207. If the companies were to reach the analysts’ price targets, it would represent a further 10% rise in Moderna’s stock and a whopping 163% climb for Novavax.

The Moderna Chart: Moderna has been pushed down by a descending trendline since Dec. 21 and on Wednesday the stock was attempting to break up bullishly from the pattern, after hitting a bottom at $122.01 on Tuesday.

The stock has developed bullish divergence on the daily chart, where the relative strength index has formed a series of higher lows, but the stock price has formed multiple lower lows.

The Novavax Chart: Novavax printed a bullish double bottom pattern on Monday and Tuesday at the 65.82 level and on Wednesday the stock was reacting positively to the formation.

Like Moderna, Novavax has also developed bullish divergence on its chart, which indicates the stock is likely to trade higher in the future.

Novavax is trading above the eight-day EMA and also, like Moderna, the stock will need to regain the 21-day EMA in the future to force a bullish cross of the EMAs to occur.

Novavax Stock Price, News & Info

A biopharmaceutical company focused on creating differentiated, value-added vaccines that improve upon current preventive options for a range of infectious diseases.

It’s been more than a month since the company filed for Emergency Use Authorization of its COVID-19 vaccine.

Investors like the vaccine maker’s 2022 revenue outlook.

Apparently, a new authorization for its coronavirus vaccine wasn’t positive enough news for the market.

The company’s coronavirus vaccine tests very well on adolescents.

The company requested U.S. Emergency Use Authorization for its COVID-19 vaccine.

Investors appear to be concerned about Pfizer’s and BioNTech’s head start in developing an omicron-specific vaccine.

NVAX Stock Revenue Guidance Does Little To Change Neutral Stance

Maryland-based Novavax’s fourth-quarter scorecard revealed that the company has yet to realize revenue from its Covid-19 vaccine.

Total revenue came in at $222 million, comprising roughly $95 million in grants and $127.21 million in royalties.

Despite all these sore points, why did NVAX stock climb? Novavax managed to appease Wall Street with its revenue guidance.

With the U.S. approval still hanging in limbo, does the revenue guidance looks farfetched?

The company clarified on the earnings call that the U.S. opportunity represents “Upside potential.” This clears the air on the impact of any potential delay in U.S. authorization on revenue.

Hitting the 2022 revenue goal clearly depends on the company’s ability to deliver the shots and its uptake.

When probed on the timing of revenue flow through 2022, the company was a little circumspect and suggested that it depends on customers’ timing.