Combustion

The temperature of the exhaust is high because of the heat that is transferred to the exhaust during combustion.

During the combustion process, as the fuel and oxidizer are turned into exhaust products, heat is generated.

Interestingly, some source of heat is also necessary to start combustion.

Since heat is both required to start combustion and is itself a product of combustion, we can see why combustion takes place very rapidly.

Once combustion gets started, we don’t have to provide the heat source because the heat of combustion will keep things going.

To summarize, for combustion to occur three things must be present: a fuel to be burned, a source of oxygen, and a source of heat.

You can control or stop the combustion process by controlling the amount of the fuel available, the amount of oxygen available, or the source of heat.

Combustion

The designs of combustion devices can improve the quality of combustion, such as burners and internal combustion engines.

Such a combustion is frequently called a Rapid combustion, though for an internal combustion engine this is inaccurate.

CO forms by disproportionation of CO2, and H2 and OH form by disproportionation of H2O. For example, when 1 mol of propane is burned with 28.6 mol of air, the combustion products contain 3.3% O2. At 1400 K, the equilibrium combustion products contain 0.03% NO and 0.002% OH. At 1800 K, the combustion products contain 0.17% NO, 0.05% OH, 0.01% CO, and 0.004% H2. Diesel engines are run with an excess of oxygen to combust small particles that tend to form with only a stoichiometric amount of oxygen, necessarily producing nitrogen oxide emissions.

The combustion gas consists of 42.4% H2O, 29.0% CO2, 14.7% H2, and 13.9% CO. Carbon becomes a stable phase at 1200 K and 1 atm pressure when z is less than 30% of the stoichiometric value, at which point the combustion products contain more than 98% H2 and CO and about 0.5% CH4. Substances or materials which undergo combustion are called fuels.

Assuming perfect combustion conditions, such as complete combustion under adiabatic conditions, the adiabatic combustion temperature can be determined.

Combustion instabilities are typically violent pressure oscillations in a combustion chamber.

The tendency is to run lean, an equivalence ratio less than 1, to reduce the combustion temperature and thus reduce the NO x  emissions; however, running the combustion lean makes it very susceptible to combustion instability.

Videos, Types Of Combustion & Examples With Videos Of Combustion

As combustion phenomena are complex, significant advances in the understanding of combustion theory were only made in the last decades by a close collaboration between experimentation and theoreticians.

Magnesium burning does not emit carbon dioxide or water vapor, but it is also a combustion process since it is an exothermic reaction of a fuel substance with oxygen.

The term “Flame” in its broadest sense includes any luminescent reaction process and combustion any relatively fast gas phase reaction.

Hydrogen combustion induces complex chain reactions involving the collision of nitrogen and oxygen atoms with oxygen and hydrogen molecules, respectively, to create hydroxyl radicals.

In order to continue with the combustion reaction, fuel materials and oxygen must be present as well as an external source of energy to initiate the combustion cycle.

If the combustion reaction begins, the heat produced by the reaction is adequate to continue.

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs.What is combustion in chemistry?What is Combustion example?How do we use combustion?What are some examples of spontaneous combustion?What type of reaction is combustion?Why is combustion so important?What type of reaction is combustion?What causes combustion?Is combustion possible without oxygen?

ScienceDirect Topics

Generally, the combustion efficiency of a stove falls in a range as low as 10%-25%, whereas boiler combustion has a much higher thermal efficiency of above 70%-80%, so it is more suitable for large-scale applications for heat and power generation.

Biomass stoker-fired laminar combustion technology can be further categorized into grate combustion, underfeed combustion, chain furnace combustion, and reciprocating grate combustion, among others.

The rated power of stoker boilers is generally below 20 MW. Compared with the conventional stoker-fired technology, fluidized bed combustion technology provides higher heat and mass transfer rates, a higher combustion efficiency, a wider load range of adjustment, more uniform bed temperature distribution, and a lower firepot temperature and reduced emissions.

Applications include the predictive control of unstable combustion systems, process control for fluidized bed combustion, and optimal control of an industrial stoker-fired boiler.

Neural networks have also been used for the modeling of the combustion process in incineration plants, modeling of the temporal evolution of a reduced combustion chemical system, representation of the chemical reactions of combustion flames, and turbulent combustion modeling.

To improve combustion by increasing the furnace temperature, the combustion air is always heated.

The objectives of combustion toxicity research are to identify potentially harmful products from the thermal degradation of materials, to distinguish those materials that produce unusual or greater quantities of toxic combustion products, to determine the best measurement methods for the identification of the toxic products as well as the degree of toxicity, to determine the effect of different fire exposures on the composition of the toxic combustion products, and to establish the physiological effects of such products on living organisms.

Definition, Reaction, Analysis, & Facts

A chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame.

The rate or speed at which the reactants combine is high, in part because of the nature of the chemical reaction itself and in part because more energy is generated than can escape into the surrounding medium, with the result that the temperature of the reactants is raised to accelerate the reaction even more.

A familiar example of a combustion reaction is a lighted match.

Properly ignited, the heat from the flame raises the temperature of a nearby layer of the matchstick and of oxygen in the air adjacent to it, and the wood and oxygen react in a combustion reaction.

In general terms, combustion is one of the most important of chemical reactions and may be considered a culminating step in the oxidation of certain kinds of substances.

Though oxidation was once considered to be simply the combination of oxygen with any compound or element, the meaning of the word has been expanded to include any reaction in which atoms lose electrons, thereby becoming oxidized.

Clear enough when applied to atomic structure to explain chemical reactions, are not as clearly applicable to combustion, which remains, generally speaking, a type of chemical reaction involving oxygen as the oxidizing agent but complicated by the fact that the process includes other kinds of reactions as well and by the fact that it proceeds at an unusually fast pace.

The Chemistry Of Combustion

Fire is a chemical chain reaction which takes place with the evolution of heat and light.

In chemistry we call the type of reaction that produces fire a combustion reaction.

Combustion is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

Whenever we complete a combustion reaction a hydrocarbon there are generally the same products formed: CO2 and H2O. Example.

The answer to this question is the need to overcome the activation energy of the reaction, which means that it requires energy at first to “Jump start” the process.

Exothermic Reactions When heat is produced in the process of a chemical reaction this is known as an Exothermic Reaction.

Endothermic Reactions When heat is absorbed from the reacting substances this is known as an Endothermic Reaction.

What Is Combustion?

The second thing we’ve got is oxygen and in the case of a fire we get the oxygen from the air.

The third thing that we need is to start a fire – we need a heat source.

These are the three things that we need to start a fire.

If just one of the sides is taken away from the fire triangle, the fire will not start.

The fire will go out when the fuel runs out, for example.

It’s often really unsafe to leave a fire for that long and so different types of fires need to be tackled in slightly different ways.

You remove the oxygen from the fire triangle and the chip pan fire will go out.

Gatwick Airport

Due to unprecedented levels of demand we are expecting our car parks will be very busy between 8th – 10th April 2022.

Please seek alternative ways to get to and from the airport and please do not arrive to park without a booking.

Gatwick Airport

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Gatwick was the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK, after Heathrow Airport, and was the tenth-busiest airport in Europe.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Delta Air Lines announced its intent to launch service between Gatwick and Logan International Airport in Boston in summer 2020, which would have made it the first US airline to service Gatwick since the withdrawal of the US Airways service in 2013, but the massive global travel downturn placed these plans on indefinite hold.

The airport is owned and operated by Gatwick Airport Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ivy Holdco Limited, owned by Global Infrastructure Partners, among others.

In summer 2013, Gatwick introduced Gatwick Connect, a free flight connection service to assist passengers changing flights at Gatwick whose airlines do not provide a full flight connection service.

The airport district counters man-portable surface-to-air missiles by patrolling in and around the airport and a separate sub-unit has vehicle checks around the airport.

Following the sale of its Gatwick slots to EasyJet, Flybe continued to provide the scheduled service between Gatwick and Newquay, as a result of being awarded the contract to fly this route under a four-year Public Service Obligation, until the flight was subsequently moved from Gatwick to Heathrow Airport in April 2019.

On 5 May 2020, Virgin Atlantic announced it would cease operations at Gatwick due to the COVID-19 pandemic On 18 August 2020, WizzAir announced a new hub at Gatwick Airport.

London Gatwick Airport

Learn about how to travel between Gatwick Airport and central London by train, coach or taxi, plus a guide to airport accommodation and car parking.

Gatwick Airport is the second busiest airport in the UK, serving hundreds of destinations and millions of passengers every year.

How to travel by train from Gatwick Airport to central London.

Thameslink runs trains from Gatwick Airport to London Victoria, London Bridge, London Blackfriars, City Thameslink, Farringdon and St Pancras International that leave several times an hour.

Oyster cards and contactless payment cards are accepted on trains between Gatwick Airport and London.

How to travel by coach from Gatwick Airport to London.

How to travel by taxi from Gatwick Airport to London.

Cheap Flights From Gatwick Airport

Gatwick Airport has 2 terminal buildings – TN and TS. Your ticket should show which one you’ll jet out from.

If that’s not the case, check with your airline directly.

For domestic flights, arrive 1.5-2 hours before your departure time.

If you’re traveling internationally, arrive 2-3 hours in advance to allow ample time for bag drop-off, security lines and finding your departure gate.

Gatwick Airport

Check out the main monuments, museums, squares, churches and attractions in our map of London.

To help you find your way once you get to your destination, the map you print out will have numbers on the various icons that correspond to a list with the most interesting tourist attractions.

This way, you’ll be able to see where each attraction is.

Check out information about the destination: click on the color indicators.

Move across the map: shift your mouse across the map.

Zoom in: double click on the left-hand side of the mouse on the map or move the scroll wheel upwards.

Zoom out: double click on the right-hand side of the mouse on the map or move the scroll wheel downwards.

Excellent Deals For Car Hire London Gatwick Airport

As a part of reputed VIP Cars, we provide affordable and comfortable Gatwick Airport car rental service.

We have tie-ups with major car rental suppliers at Gatwick Airport such as Sixt, Green Motion, National, and Alamo.

Rent a car with us and get various rental inclusions such as airport fee, road fund tax, unlimited mileage and more.

Gatwick Airport is situated 5 km north of the centre of Crawley, West Sussex and about 48 km south of Central London.

This airport is also known as London Gatwick Airport and is the second largest international airport in London.

Gatwick Airport has 2 long runways and it handles about 33.6 million passengers annually.

Contact our customer support team to book your car rental deal for Gatwick Airport.

Artificial Hair Integrations

Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair extensions, hair weaves, and fake hair add length and fullness to human hair.

A hair weave is human or artificial hair utilized for the integration with one’s natural hair.

They are individual locks of hair tied into the native hair with a durable upholstery thread. Tape-in hair extensions last from four to eight weeks and the hair can be gently combed and washed while wearing the extensions.

The clip-in hair extensions most commonly come in as a long strand of one contoured piece that can be cut into multiple layers for creating separate layers on a user’s head. When the hair is purchased it often comes with clips, which are sewn into the hair.

It involves the application of hair glue to a section of wefted hair then onto a person’s natural hair; special hair adhesives are used in bonding to prevent damage to one’s natural hair.

In the hair industry, the only way to obtain the very best hair is to use the services of “Hair collectors,” who cut the hair directly from people’s heads, and bundle it as ponytails.

Adding hair extensions with thread means that damage to the natural hair can be avoided and that the hair extension attachment areas are not vulnerable to external elements like heat, oils and water.

WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader

Artificial hair integrations, more commonly known as hair extensions, hair weaves, and fake hair add length and fullness to human hair.

The stylist installing the extensions should determine what size of micro rings/beads is best for the client’s hair length and texture, prior to installation on the head. Netting is a technique which involves braiding natural tresses under a thin, breathable net that serves as a flat surface onto which stylists can weave extensions.

A lace frontal is best placed by a professional since more advanced weaving and hair extensions are used.

In the hair industry, the only way to obtain the very best hair is to use the services of “Hair collectors,” who cut the hair directly from people’s heads, and bundle it as ponytails.

Adding hair extensions with thread means that damage to the natural hair can be avoided and that the hair extension attachment areas are not vulnerable to external elements like heat, oils and water.

Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.

The aim in general is to treat naturally curly hair gently, minimizing damage to the hair cuticle; to keep it moisturized, since curly hair is more prone to dryness than straight hair; and, perhaps most significantly, to accentuate rather than interfere with the hair’s natural curl pattern.

Synthetic Integration Hairpieces

A more serious collections of hair integrations hairpieces that can make all the difference in the world to those with thinning hair.

When it comes to looking and feeling better about yourself we offer some of the most unique quality hair accessories and integration pieces that match your own hair perfectly in style, curl and texture as your own hair! We design them so they can blend in with and become a part of your own hair without that thick or heavy texture difference between your own hair texture and that of the extra hair you added in! e know you’ll love this collection!

Women’S Hair Integration Systems

You will find our range of human hair integration pieces to be the perfect fit for women of all ages.

Go ahead and add some volume and style to your hair and choose one of our integration systems for women.

As with all our products, all customers will receive a discount on their first orders.

Looking for something that offers full head coverage? Check out our full cap wigs for women.

Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membranes.

Mycoplasma species are often found in research laboratories as contaminants in cell culture.

Mycoplasma cells are physically small – less than 1 µm, so are difficult to detect with a conventional microscope.

Severe Mycoplasma infections may destroy a cell line.

Several species of Mycoplasma are frequently detected in different types of cancer cells.

Colon cancer: In a study to understand the effects of Mycoplasma contamination on the quality of cultured human colon cancer cells, a positive correlation was found between the number of M. hyorhinis cells present in the sample and the percentage of CD133-positive cells.

Renal cancer: Patients with renal cell carcinoma exhibited a significantly high amount of Mycoplasma sp.

Medical Microbiology

Named Mycoplasma pneumoniae, it was the first clearly documented mycoplasma pathogenic for humans.

The mycoplasma lipids resemble those of other bacteria, apart from the large quantities of cholesterol in the sterol-requiring mycoplasmas.

The complex media for mycoplasma culture contain serum, which provides fatty acids and cholesterol for mycoplasma membrane synthesis.

Most interesting is the use of the universal stop codon UGA as a tryptophan codon in many mycoplasmas, a rare property found so far only in mycoplasmas and in nonplant mitochondria.

Hydrogen peroxide, the end product of respiration in mycoplasmas, has been implicated as a major pathogenic factor ever since it was shown to be responsible for the lysis of erythrocytes by mycoplasmas in vitro; however, the production of H2O2 alone does not determine pathogenicity, as the loss of virulence in M pneumoniae is not accompanied by a decrease in H2O2 production.

Mycoplasmas activate macrophages, and induce cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation; the rat pathogen, Mycoplasma arthritidis, produces a potent superantigen.

Although IgA antibody may be important in resistance to mycoplasmas, other factors seem to be involved in resistance to pulmonary disease, and these factors may not be the same for all mycoplasma infections.

ScienceDirect Topics

Mycoplasmas are often difficult to grow on cell-free media, and some, such as the hemotropic mycoplasmas, have never been successfully cultured in the laboratory.

22 Experimental infection with M. cynos leads to respiratory disease in dogs, but infection with Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma canis, and Mycoplasma spumans does not.23 The role of mycoplasmas in feline lower urinary tract disease and lymphoplasmacytic pododermatitis has been investigated using molecular techniques, but no association was found.

Hemotropic forms include Mycoplasma haemocanis and Mycoplasma haemofelis.

Nonhemotropic forms include Mycoplasma canis, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma felis, Mycoplasma gateae, and Ureaplasma spp.

The main differences between the two are: Mycoplasma are independent microbes and L-type bacteria are variants of normal bacterial cells that have a cell wall; Mycoplasma growth requires cholesterol while the growth of L-type bacteria does not; L-type bacteria fade easily after Diane staining, while Mycoplasma do not fade easily.

Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of these organisms has shown that they are closely related to the pneumoniae group of mycoplasmas, which includes the human mycoplasmal pathogens Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium.

At least three hemoplasma species infect domestic as well as wild cats, Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum,’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis.

Examples, Characteristics, Infection And Treatment

Apart from being some of the smallest bacteria on earth, Mycoplasma species also lack a cell wall around the cell membrane which sets them apart from other bacteria.

Currently, over 120 species of the genus Mycoplasma have been identified and described with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, responsible for upper and lower respiratory infections, being the most common species in the group.

Genus: Mycoplasma – Characteristics of the genus Mycoplasma are discussed below.

With the absence of the cell wall in Mycoplasmas, the cytoskeleton/cytoskeleton-like structures have been suggested to modulate the shape of the cell.

Motility in Mycoplasmas is made possible by tiny leg-like proteins located on the cell membrane.

In some cases, the Mycoplasma invades the cell where it may reside in the cytoplasm or the nucleus which also results in cell damage.

To culture Mycoplasma, 0.1 to 0.2 ml of the cell suspension is inoculated onto the surface of a Mycoplasma agar plate.

What Is Mycoplasma?

The stripped-down nature of Mycoplasma bacteria forces many of them to be parasitic, because they cannot survive on their own.

These bacteria were first isolated and described in the late 1800s, although early researchers were unable to specifically identify the bacteria in their isolates.

These bacteria are also less susceptible to many commonly used drugs, since antibiotics often target the cell wall, and Mycoplasma have no cell walls to grab on to.

These gram negative bacteria often contaminate cell cultures in the laboratory, creating colonies with a distinctive fried-egg appearance caused by a concentration of bacteria in the middle of the colony, and a scattering around the edges.

In people with conditions like fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, unusually high numbers of Mycoplasma bacteria have been noted, suggesting that the bacteria may be playing a role in the condition.

Some research has also implicated the bacteria in autoimmune disorders.

Although these bacteria are not as vulnerable to antibiotics as one might wish, there are several drugs which can be used to treat Mycoplasma infection very successfully.

Mycoplasma Infection

Mycoplasma infection is respiratory illness caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Mycoplasma infection is most common in late summer and fall.

A common result of mycoplasma infection is pneumonia.

Mycoplasma infection is usually diagnosed on the basis of typical symptoms and a chest x-ray.

Does past infection with mycoplasma make a person immune?

Immunity after mycoplasma infection does occur, but is not lifelong.

Because mycoplasma infection usually resolves on its own, antibiotic treatment of mild symptoms is not always necessary.

Mycoplasma Genitalium STD: Symptoms, Treatment, And Prevention

Mycoplasma genitalium is a type of bacteria that can cause an STD. You get it by having sex with someone who has it.

Getting a Diagnosis for MG. Unlike other STDs, there is no test for MG that the FDA has approved.

If you or your doctor think you might have it, you can get a nucleic acid amplification test.

Your doctor might also use a swab to take a sample from your vagina, cervix, or urethra, the tube that carries your pee out of your body.

You can get another test to make sure the infection is gone, but it’s not a good idea to get routine tests if you don’t have symptoms from MG. If you still have symptoms and you still have the disease, you’ll need to get more treatment.

Your doctor might also focus on treating the other conditions MG can cause, like urethritis, PID, or cervicitis.

Your sex partners should talk to their doctors about getting tested and treated and so they don’t infect other people or give it back to you.

Home :: Solar Cookers International

With solar cooking, women and children breathe cleaner air, save trees and soil, save money for food and education, and stay safe from violence.

Solar cooking improves the quality of life and provides a way to adapt to a changing world.

Indoor air pollution kills 1,250 children under age 5 daily.

You can change a life and help build resilience in our changing world.

Your gift to Solar Cookers International today helps improve the lives of generations of children.

10 Best Solar Ovens And Cookers & Their Reviews

If harnessing the sun’s energy intrigues you, solar cooking may be the way to go! Solar ovens and cookers put free, natural resources at your fingertips and allow you to enjoy a day of outside play without the hassle of lugging around a heavy grill.

Juicy meat, tender veggies, and even delicious bread can be cooked in solar ovens.

Many solar cookers require simple water clean up and are extremely portable for your convenience.

The Sunflair Solar Oven Starter Kit is a great place to start when navigating the world of solar cooking.

The Solcook “Camper” model is one of the few cookers we found that cooks food for a crowd.

The sundial, onboard thermometer, durable materials, and compact, portable design make is solar cooker a great value for those wanting to be prepared for any cooking situation.

We hope you’ve enjoyed this list of the 10 best solar ovens and cookers and their reviews for 2021.

Working, Design, Advantages, Disadvantages

Using a solar cooker, we cook the same things, but by using sunlight instead of gas or electricity.

In the article, let us discuss the working and construction of a solar cooker.

The most commonly used form of solar cooker is the box-type solar cooker.

Cooking Containers – A set of aluminium containers blackened from the outside are kept in box B. The solar cooker placed in sunlight and a plane mirror reflector is adjusted in a way such that the strong beam of sunlight enters the box through the glass sheet.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Cooker Pros Solar cookers use no fuel.

Some solar cookers take longer to cook food than a conventional stove or an oven.

Some solar cookers are affected by strong winds which can slow the cooking process.

Solar Cooker Manufacturer, Solar Cooker Exporter, Solar Cooker India, Solar Cooker Gujarat, Solar Dryer India, Solar Dryer Manufacturer, Solar Cooking, Solar Box Cooker Manufacturer, Solar Parabolic Cooker Manufacturer, Wholesale Solar Cooker Supplier, Exporter Of Solar Cooker, Solar Cooker, Solar Oven

Being pioneer in Solar Cooking and with the Vision to fulfill the daily basic needs of every individual we are one of the leading manufacturer of all range of Solar Cookers.

We have in house Manufacturing of Solar Box cookers for domestic use as well as bigger community uses.

Our Solar Cookers are working successfully all over the world and we are developing our network world wide to reach to every single person to fulfill their cooking needs.

Allseasonsolarcooker.Com

Fast.A premier solar cooker made in the USA, for use whenever the sun shines.

The All Season Solar Cooker is the world’s best panel cooker.

The All Season Solar Cooker produces more of the desired product than any other cooker its size.

The All Season Solar Cooker “Camper” is the ONLY solar cooker that is designed to capture the sun ALL DAY LONG. Most solar cookers are optimized to collect the sun just 4 hours a day.

The All Season Solar Cooker website is filled with good info that I won’t repeat here, please go check it out.

These are very durable, his personal demo unit is over 8 years old and still cooking! Note that solar cooking is more like ‘crockpot’ cooking; it’s slower than normal cooking but is gentler and the food stays very moist and delicious.

CONSTRUCTIONMade in USAThe All Season Solar Cooker is constructed using 4mm corrugated polypropylene.

The 4 Types Of Solar Cookers Insteading

Box Solar Cookers have an insulated box, topped with a transparent glass or plastic cover and a reflector or reflectors that help heat the box.

Solar Cookers International has more information on their website.

Information can be found at the Solar Cooking Wiki.The GoSun Solar Cooker.

These parabolic solar cookers are manufactured by locals in their country of use.

Solar Cookers International provides more details on their website.

Additional information can be found at the Solar Cooking Wiki.Square Solar Cooker.

Find out more from the Solar Cooking Wiki.Green Solar Cooker.

10 Best Solar Ovens Reviewed And Rated In 2022

The good thing is there is the Sunflair Mini Portable Solar Oven, which is rated as the best solar cooker for those who had tried and experienced using it.

The Haines solar cooker is another oven kit not to miss when checking out different sun ovens on the market.

Another best feature of GoSun Solar Cooker is that it is solar powered.

In addition to finding information on how do solar cookers work, we’re here to offer you with guidance in choosing solar cookers and top brands.

Solar ovens are basically like ovens that use solar energy to heat and cook food.

Solar ovens make cooking easy since you just simply prepare the ingredients and put them in the oven.

Let us help! Get started choosing the best solar oven by using our top picks reviews and referring to the buying guide of the things to find in a solar cooker.

Home :: Solar Cookers International

With solar cooking, women and children breathe cleaner air, save trees and soil, save money for food and education, and stay safe from violence.

Solar cooking improves the quality of life and provides a way to adapt to a changing world.

Indoor air pollution kills 1,250 children under age 5 daily.

You can change a life and help build resilience in our changing world.

Your gift to Solar Cookers International today helps improve the lives of generations of children.

Solar Cookers International

Solar Cookers International’s mission is to spread solar thermal cooking technology to benefit people and environments.

What distinguishes Solar Cookers International is our combination of projects, partnerships, advocacy and outreach to the global solar cooker community.

We engage and energize the Solar Cookers International Network, supporting hundreds of organizations and individuals around the world to share solar thermal cooker knowledge, particularly with those who have the greatest need.

Early in its history, Solar Cookers International identified an urgent need for refugees and villagers in Africa to cook and pasteurize water, and SCI designed a panel solar cooker, the CooKit, to meet this need.

Solar Cookers International gathers and disseminates up to date information about solar cooking through email newsletters, the solar cooking wiki, global conventions, webinars, social media, etc.

Solar Cookers International is the leader and connecting link between solar cooking researchers, non-profit organizations, manufacturers, distributors, etc.

Solar Cookers International maintains a database of information related to solar cooking, organizes biannual global conferences, and facilitates communication and collaboration among its partners.

Rating For Solar Cookers International

Solar Cookers International improves human and environmental health by supporting the expansion of effective carbon-free solar cooking in world regions of greatest need.

SCI leads through advocacy, research, and strengthening the capacity of the global solar cooking movement.

SCI adapted to external changes by actively convening voices from around the world to share the solution of solar cooking.

During this year of extraordinary challenges, SCI was awarded the Keeling Curve Prize, which recognizes “The most impactful climate projects around the world.” SCI provided online resources to stakeholders across the globe, including the Solar Cooking Wiki – the world’s largest online solar cooking database and translatable into 45 languages.

With almost 1,800 pages of information about best practices, country specific solar cooking tips, how to build solar cookers, and news and events, the Solar Cooking Wiki is a wealth of helpful knowledge that builds capacity across the sector.

SCI led solar cooking initiatives in collaboration with local experts and using best practices, in Kenya and Nepal; while participating in the International Organization for Standardization’s Clean Cookstoves and Clean Cooking Solutions.

SCI was able to continue to conduct Performance Evaluation Performance testing of thermal solar cookers following COVID-19 protocols.

The Global Need For Solar Ovens

The United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that more than 3 billion people lack adequate cooking fuels.

In developing countries, many people spend as much money on fuel to cook their food as they spend on buying food.

Solar cooking has been researched and tested for the past twenty-five years.

For developing nations that are sun rich and fuel poor, the Solavore Sport Solar Oven can use free sunshine to cook meats, vegetables, breads and cakes and cut down on the need for cooking fires.

Cooking fires contribute to deforestation and pollution.

Cooking fires pollute the atmosphere at significant levels that contribute to global warming and the greenhouse effect.

Many people, primarily women and children, suffer eye and lung disease caused by smoke that is inhaled from cooking fires.

10 Best Solar Ovens Reviewed And Rated In 2022

The good thing is there is the Sunflair Mini Portable Solar Oven, which is rated as the best solar cooker for those who had tried and experienced using it.

The Haines solar cooker is another oven kit not to miss when checking out different sun ovens on the market.

Another best feature of GoSun Solar Cooker is that it is solar powered.

In addition to finding information on how do solar cookers work, we’re here to offer you with guidance in choosing solar cookers and top brands.

Solar ovens are basically like ovens that use solar energy to heat and cook food.

Solar ovens make cooking easy since you just simply prepare the ingredients and put them in the oven.

Let us help! Get started choosing the best solar oven by using our top picks reviews and referring to the buying guide of the things to find in a solar cooker.

Solar Cookers International

Solar Cookers International is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, non-governmental organization that works to improve human and environmental health by supporting the expansion of effective carbon-free solar cooking in world regions of greatest need.

Solar Cookers International won an Ashden Award in 2002 for their work with solar cookers in Kenya.

SCI has hosted regional and international solar cooking conferences including the 6th SCI World Conference 2017 in Vadodara, Gujarat, India, and the SCI Regional Convention 2015 in Sacramento, California, USA. SCI also attends and presents at high-level events such as 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference(COP26), United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, and the CONSOLFOOD conference to promote and advocate for solar cooking.

SCI also runs the Solar Cookers International Association, a group of academics, decision-makers, designers, manufacturers, entrepreneurs, innovators, advocates, humanitarians, environmentalists, and NGOs working to promote solar thermal cooking worldwide.

The creation of country-specific economic-impact summaries and a map of the global distribution of solar cookers help deliver evidence-based results about the advantages of solar cooking.

Solar Cookers International spearheads the solar cooker Performance Evaluation Process.

Also included is information regarding related technologies such as heat-retention cooking, water pasteurization, solar food processing, solar food drying, solar autoclaving, and solar canning.

Amazon.Com: Nordic Ware

Rimmed baking sheets, also called half-sheet pans, are true workhorses in the test kitchen.

We have stacks of them that we use every day for obvious tasks like baking cookies or roasting oven fries or root vegetables.

We also use them for baking chicken or fish, toasting nuts and seeds, roasting vegetables such as green beans and asparagus, and baking jelly roll cakes.

More unusually, we use baking sheets for sorting dried beans or spreading out cooked rice or pasta to cool before making salads.

In a pinch, an inverted baking sheet can even stand-in for a pizza peel or baking stone.

Slipping a wire cooling rack inside makes these pans even more versatile-it’s our go-to setup for roasting and broiling meats, holding breaded foods before and after frying, and drizzling chocolate over desserts.

Sur La Table

If you’re looking for durable, versatile and beautiful bakeware, check out this selection of products from Nordic Ware at Sur La Table.

The makers of the original Bundt pan, Nordic Ware still produces this unique style of cake pan in a wide variety of novelty shapes and designs.

Each of these Nordic Ware Bundt pans produces beautiful cakes that are perfect for drizzling with a sweet glaze or dusting with powdered sugar.

Whether you’re making a classic Bundt cake with fruits and nuts or a fluffy, lighter-than-air angel food cake, you’ll get the best performance when you choose Bundt pans from Nordic Ware.

Besides the traditional Bundt cake pan, Nordic Ware produces a wide variety of essential items for home bakers.

Find the pans that you need for your kitchen or replace your old pans with a complete Nordic Ware bakeware set.

Browse through this collection at Sur La Table to get inspired with fresh baking ideas from Nordic Ware..

Nordicware Commercial

Nordic Ware’s Commercial Division offers commercial grade versions of our world famous products.

Our extensive line of unique products includes Bundt brand baking molds, Commercial Aluminum Bakeware, Induction & Aluminum Cookware, Griddles, Sizzle Platters and Microwave Cookware.

We also offer custom design and manufacturing capabilities.

In bakeries and restaurants around the world, you will find that Bundt cakes and muffins have a universal appeal.

Whether it is our iconic Bundt shape, traditional molds, seasonal designs, or popular mini-sized desserts, we are sure to have a pan to fit your needs.

Nordic Ware

Nordic Ware is a company based in the Minneapolis, Minnesota, suburb of St. Louis Park, notable for introducing the Bundt cake pan in the early 1950s.

Nordic Ware remains family-owned and operated, and David Dalquist is the current company president.

In addition to the Bundt cake pan, Nordic Ware is also a pioneer in the field of microwave cookware.

More than 70 million Bundt pans have been sold by Nordic Ware across North America.

Nordic Ware is one of the few remaining American cookware companies that produce their products almost entirely in the United States and also offers their products in 50 countries.

At their headquarters and manufacturing plant in Saint Louis Park, the Nordic Ware branding is painted on the Peavey-Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator near the interchange of Minnesota State Highway 100 and Minnesota State Highway 7.

Prior to Nordic Ware, the grain elevator carried the sign for ‘Lumber Stores Inc’ until Nordic Ware purchased the land as it expanded and invested $40,000 in a restoration project of it.

Nordic Ware

Sarah Kieffer joined us in the Nordic Ware kitchen to make her absolutely delicious Cinnamon Roll Blondies from her “100 Cookies” cookbook.

She shares this easy 3 step process: make a brown butter blondie base, cinnamon sugar filling and cream cheese filling that come together into one incredible dessert.

Sarah Kieffer is a blogger and talented baker, located in Minneapolis.

She is the author of the Vanilla Bean Blog and 3 amazing cookbooks.

Find blondie recipe in her cookbook “100 Cookies”.

Airbus A330neo

The Airbus A330neo is a wide-body airliner developed by Airbus from the Airbus A330.

On 14 July 2014 at the Farnborough Airshow, Airbus launched the A330neo programme, to be powered by the new Rolls-Royce Trent 7000.

On 7 September 2015, Airbus announced that it had begun production of the first A330neo with the construction of its centre wingbox and engine pylon.

Airbus unveiled a distinctive cockpit windscreen to be featured on the A330neo, similar to that on the A350, and promised a new interior concept offering a better passenger experience on the A330neo.

Initially based on the largest 242t MTOW A330, Airbus is studying an improvement to 245 t MTOW for the A330neo, which would match the figure originally given for the Airbus A350-800 before it was sidelined in favor of the A330neo.

The A330neo program was the best-selling Airbus widebody over the same period.

While Airbus expected a market for over 1,000 A330neos, one pessimistic forecast reported in 2018 came in as low as 400 sales, in that the A330neo was late to the market and fuel prices had declined markedly over the years, reducing demand.

A330 Cabin

Airbus designs aircraft and their cabins as a family, meaning that many design elements initially implemented on the A350, now appear on the A330neo.

Crew members will find the latest tools for cabin management, like the Flight Attendant Panel and galley inserts.

Airbus’ new Smart-Lav design has optimised the internal architecture, while also freeing up more cabin area lengthwise.

For specific layouts, the Angled-Lav provides the best use of space through a double lavatory configuration in the centre cabin.

Airbus’ Modular Space-Flex solutions combine new galley and PRM lavatory configurations which utilise rear cabin volume more efficiently and release space for additional seats or greater seat pitch.

More comfort for the crew, and even more space for revenue.

The new solutions offer a redesigned and more comfortable interior, accommodating up to two separate bunks for pilots and six bunks for cabin crew.

Airbus A330neo Jet Programme Hit By Order Cancellation

PARIS – Airbus lost a fifth of the outstanding orders for its A330neo long-haul jet in March as the plane’s largest customer went through restructuring, but it won sales elsewhere for more than 100 of its smaller jets, monthly data showed on Friday.

AirAsia X cancelled 63 of the A330-900 version of the A330neo, an upgraded version of the long-established A330 wide-body model, as well as 10 smaller A321neo aircraft, Airbus said in a monthly update on its commercial activities.

The European planemaker also said it had delivered 142 planes in the first quarter, up more than 13% on the year.

The net number of deliveries stood at 140 after two previously reported deliveries were cancelled due to Russia sanctions.

Reuters reported earlier this week that Airbus had delivered between 140 and 142 aircraft in the quarter, a higher number than some analysts had anticipated.

Microsoft and partners may be compensated if you purchase something through recommended links in this article.

Airbus A330neo Program Loses 20% Of Outstanding Orders

A monthly report by European plane manufacturer Airbus has confirmed the cancellation of 63 A330neo orders by AirAsia X, comprising a fifth of outstanding orders.

The cancellation is a significant setback for the A330neo program, which saw another cancellation for 40 A330-900s orders placed by an undisclosed carrier in February, alleged to be HNA Group.

AirAsia X has slashed it’s A330neo orders down to just 15.

Airbus has started reducing the presence of unlikely completed orders while focusing its attention on the growing sales of its popular A321neo.

Airbus’ current A330neo backlog stands at 200, though it still includes a collapsed Iran Air order for 28 A330-900s. Despite its initial popularity, the A330neo has struggled to maintain its orders.

Faury noted Airbus intends to stick to its 2022 forecast of €5.5 billion in operating profit, increasing its orders by 20% from 2021.

Airbus retains a surplus of A350 aircraft, including two canceled Aeroflot orders and three Qatar Airways has refused to take delivery for.

Airbus Records AirAsia X A330neo Cancellation

MANCHESTER, England―Airbus recorded cutbacks of its largest A330-900 order in the European OEM’s March orders and deliveries statement, leading to a major reduction in the official backlog for the type.

The March figures show a mere 15 A330-900s on firm order for AirAsia X. The Malaysia-based long…..

Airbus Cuts A330 Orders, Claws Back Russia Deliveries

Register now for FREE unlimited access to Reuters.comPARIS, April 8 – Airbus lost a fifth of outstanding orders for its A330neo long-haul jet in March as the plane’s largest customer went through restructuring, but won sales elsewhere for more than 100 of its smaller jets, monthly data showed on Friday.

AirAsia X cancelled 63 of the A330-900 version of the A330neo, an upgrade of the long-established A330 wide-body model, as well as 10 smaller A321neo aircraft, Airbus said.

Airbus had counted the two A350 deliveries for Aeroflot in its end-year tally in December as part of its forecast-beating annual deliveries, but the planes did not fly to Russia.

Industry sources have said Airbus is trying to sell surplus A350s to Air India including three which it claims to have available as a result of a spat with Qatar Airways.

In legal testimony on Thursday, Airbus minimised the benefits of its hot-selling A321neo compared to Boeing’s 737 MAX 10, in contrast with its own marketing pitch, but analysts described the move as a courtroom tactic in its widening legal dispute with Qatar Airways.

After Friday’s rejig of orders, Airbus has 200 undelivered A330neos in its order book versus 265 a month ago.

Airbus said on Friday it had sold a total of 253 jets in the first quarter or a net total of 83 after cancellations.

Airbus A330neo

The Airspace cabin of the Airbus A330neo is comfortable in all travel classes! Amongst the newest design with the latest technologies: connectivity, style, lighting, silent cabin, increased space and comfort.

This sophisticated, adjustable lighting replicates the luminosity of the different phases of the day.

From sunrise to sunset, this technology reduces your fatigue and jet lag after a long flight.

Nothing better than the very latest technology to improve your journey.

Wi-Fi, a varied and extensive entertainment catalogue, individual screens from Economy class onwards.

From Economy to Business class, enjoy a comfortable seat width of 50cm and a minimum legroom of 79cm. In Premium class recline your seat back and enjoy even more leg room.

Business class seats allow you to recline up to 180°, turning the seat into a full bed!

Ted Sarandos

Sarandos was born in Phoenix, Arizona, to father Ted Sarandos, who was an electrician, and a mother who was a stay-at-home mom.

Beginning with House of Cards, which was bought for $100 million in a March 2011 deal, Sarandos created the model where Netflix purchases multiple seasons of shows without pilot orders.

Sarandos sees the focus as being on subscriber growth as a reflection of revenue health over ratings, especially because the ad-supported model doesn’t apply to Netflix.

Sarandos said the comparison of TV network ratings to Netflix isn’t meaningful as the typical Netflix release model of pushing out content is full season availability at once.

Sarandos sees Netflix as a digital product, where the balance between distributing physical bits of content versus streaming digital content would be cheaper as both broadband and Netflix grew, i.e. postal economics vs. streaming economics.

In terms of volume, Sarandos said that Netflix will be showing over 600 hours of original programming in 2016.

Sarandos married Michelle Sarandos, his first wife, with whom he had two children, Sarah and Tony, both graduates of Beverly Hills High School.

Netflix Co-CEOs Reed Hastings And Ted Sarandos 2021 Compensation Dips – Deadline

Netflix co-CEOs Reed Hastings and Ted Sarandos each saw a slight dip in their total compensation in 2021 compared to 2020, according to a new SEC filing.

The company’s preliminary proxy statement filed Friday said Hastings made a total of $40.8 million last year, compared with $43.2 million in 2020.

Sarandos collected $38.2 million, down from $39.3 million.

That outlook anticipated Hastings’ pay at $34 million, with Sarandos at $40 million.

Sarandos earned a salary of $20 million last year, with most of the balance of his compensation coming in the form of option awards.

Hastings, who co-founded the company, took a salary of $650,000, with an option award of more than $37 million.

Chief Product Officer Greg Peters was the next-highest-paid Netflix exec, though his package also declined by about $400,000 to almost $20.4 million.

Netflix Chiefs Ted Sarandos And Reed Hastings Saw Pay Decline In 2021 As Streamer’S Growth Slowed

Netflix co-CEOs Reed Hastings and Ted Sarandos saw their earnings decrease in 2021 as pandemic-fueled subscriber growth began to slow, according to a Friday SEC filing.

According to Friday’s proxy statement, Hastings received a pay package of $40.8 million and Sarandos earned $38.2 million, primarily from stock awards.

Hastings received a $650,000 annual salary and $39.7 million in stock awards and Sarandos took home a $20 million salary and $17.1 million in stock awards.

Netflix had a record-setting year in 2020 and its top executives were rewarded handsomely for it, with co-CEOs Reed Hastings and Ted Sarandos bringing home a combined $82.5 million last year.

Sarandos was paid $39.3 million in 2020 – up 13% from the $34.7 million he earned the year before.

His compensation package included a $20 million salary and $18.3 million in stock options; another $1 million was included as “Other compensation,” the bulk of which went to “Residential security costs” per a Netflix filing.

While Netflix closed 2021 with 221.8 million subscribers, the number was less than the company’s own projections for new subscribers.

Ted Sarandos-Bio, Career, Net Worth, Salary, Netflix, Married, Wife

At first, Ted Sarandos worked at Arizona Video Cassettes West chain where he managed eight retail video stores of the company from 1983 to 1988.

Ted Sarandos set up a multiple picture deal with Adam Sandler which faced huge criticism and in defense, Sarandos said the numbers make sense.

Sarandos is active in philanthropist activist as well, In 2009 he and his wife Nicole Avant, held a fundraiser for President Barack Obama’s 2012 campaign in Southern California where they raised over $700,000 for the Democratic candidate.

Ted Sarandos is one of the richest business tycoons.

In 2000, Sarandos joined Netflix as Chief Content Officer and he oversees the company annual budget of over $6 billion.

Ted Sarandos is a married man, he exchanged a vow with former Ambassador to the Bahamas, Nicole Avant in 2009.

The duo shared two children, a daughter, Sarah Sarandos and Tony Sarandos.

Chief Executive Officer Of The Netflix

His father worked as an electrician and his mother liked to stay at home instead of working women.

In his childhood, he loved to read books and to watch videos.

At a young age, he started work in the video shop, where he interacted with Asner who is the main person that has taken him to the Entertainment industry.

We have mentioned earlier that he started to work at a young age.

He firstly took his appearance as tbe worker in the video shop.

There, he represented the company and performed the dealings with West Coast Video and East Texas Distributors.

With his support, Netflix is achieving its goals with more loyal subscribers and of course the Success rate.

‘I Screwed Up’: Netflix’S Ted Sarandos Addresses Dave Chappelle Fallout

Netflix co-CEO Ted Sarandos is speaking out over continued criticism of the Dave Chappelle comedy special “The Closer.”

On the eve of a planned employee walkout at the streaming giant – organized by trans and LGBTQ+ staffers, content creators and allies – Sarandos addressed numerous points related to recent jokes from Chappelle that have incensed the trans community and been labeled as harmful.

The events around “The Closer” have represented a rare blunder for Sarandos and Netflix, whose deep pockets and warm relationships with talent have been transformative for the global entertainment sector for close to a decade.

We are trying to support creative freedom and artistic expression among the artists that work at Netflix.

And we do make sure our employees understand this, because of that – because we’re trying to entertain the world, and the world is made up of folks with a lot of different sensibilities and beliefs and senses of humor and all those things – sometimes, there will be things on Netflix that you dislike.

One of the things that I think is very important that I want people to understand is that, going forward, it should be really clear that I support artistic freedom and the creators that work at Netflix.

What’s important to remember is that we’ve got incredible growth in our employee base, and a lot of people have joined during Covid and have never met anyone from Netflix.

Reed Hastings

His father Wilmot Reed Hastings was an attorney for the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in the Nixon administration, and his mother Joan Amory Loomis was a Boston debutante from a Social Register family who was repulsed by the world of high society and taught her children to disdain it.

Hastings left Adaptive Technology in 1991 to lay the foundation to his first company, Pure Software, which produced products to troubleshoot software.

In 1997, Hastings and former Pure Software employee Marc Randolph co-founded Netflix, offering flat rate movie rental-by-mail to customers in the US by combining two emerging technologies; DVDs, which were much easier to send as mail than VHS-cassettes, and a website to order them from, instead of a paper catalogue.

In 2000, Governor Gray Davis appointed Hastings to the State Board of Education, and in 2001, Hastings became its president.

Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who had reappointed Hastings to the board after Hastings’ first term, issued a statement saying he was “Disappointed” in the committee’s action.

Hastings, as a Giving Pledge member since 2012, founded Hastings Fund and pledged $100 million to children’s education.

In his post on Facebook, he said that the Hastings Fund “Will donate these funds in the best way possible for kids’ education.” Hastings Fund gave its first two gifts, totaling $1.5 million, to the United Negro College Fund and the Hispanic Foundation of Silicon Valley for college scholarships for black and Latino youth.

Biography, Netflix, & Facts

Reed Hastings, in full Wilmot Reed Hastings, Jr.,, American entrepreneur who was cofounder and CEO of Netflix, a media-streaming and video-rental company.

DVDs were new to the market, but Hastings felt that they would travel well through the mail.

At first customers were allowed to rent each DVD for a seven-day period, but by December 1999 subscribers could pay a set monthly fee to rent an unlimited number of DVDs. Although they selected DVDs and controlled their accounts via the Netflix Web site, DVDs were sent and returned by mail.

Hastings expanded Netflix through movie studio partnerships and aggressive marketing campaigns, emphasizing Netflix’s catalog of indie films, documentaries, and other movies not easily available through other services.

In February 2007 Netflix shipped its billionth DVD. Meanwhile, the company launched applications that permitted customers to access movies and TV shows through streaming downloads.

Hastings made a rare misstep in 2011 when Netflix announced that it would increase rental prices and split the company in two, with the DVD service rebranded as Qwikster.

Hastings subsequently oversaw Netflix’s foray into content produced specifically for its streaming service.

Netflix’S Reed Hastings, Ted Sarandos See Compensation Decline In 2021

Hastings’ total compensation package for 2021 was worth $40.8 million, including $39.7 million in stock grants and $650,000 in salary, according to the company’s 2022 proxy statement, filed Friday with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Sarandos, who serves as co-CEO and chief content officer, earned $38.2 million last year, comprising $20 million in annual salary and $17.1 million in stock – a 2.7% drop from 2020.

For 2022, Sarandos is set to receive $40 million in compensation and Hastings stands to make $34.65 million.

The Netflix board’s compensation committee “Determined not to make any changes to executive officers’ allocatable compensation for 2021 as compared to 2020,” aside from incorporating the value of each executive’s stock option allowance.

The allocatable comp last year for both Hastings and Sarandos was $34.65 million, with Hastings electing to receive 98% of that in stock and Sarandos opting for 42% in stock.

CFO Spence Neumann earned $12.5 million in 2021, down 3% year over year, while Greg Peters, COO and chief product officer, pulled down $20.4 million, a 2% decline.

Chief legal officer David Hyman’s pay package was $10.2 million, down 3%, and chief communications officer Rachel Whetstone earned $5.33 million, a small drop from $5.36 million in 2020.

Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements

Along with Raymond Peck and Mark Box, he formed his first company, Pure Software in October 1991.

The company, which produced products to troubleshoot software, grew rapidly over the ensuing years.

The growing success of the company proved to be a challenge for Hastings as he realized that he was not prepared to manage such a rapidly growing company.

The company went public in 1995 and Pure Software merged with Atria to form Pure Atria Corporation in 1996.

Some unforeseen issues cropped up after the merger and the combined company, Pure Atria, was acquired by Rational Software in 1997.

He employed aggressive expansion strategies and expanded Netflix through movie studio partnerships and marketing campaigns that emphasized the company’s catalog of indie films, documentaries, and other movies not easily available through other services.

The company’s services are available all over North America, several parts of Europe and also in Australia, South America, and New Zealand.

Netflix co-CEO Reed Hastings dodged questions on the fallout from the Dave Chappelle stand-up special when pressed by CNBC correspondent Julia Boorstin at the Milken Conference on Monday.

“Sure, it’s a no comment,” he said, after deflecting multiple questions about company culture during a an interview about Hastings’ philanthropy.

The comments from Hastings come as the company faces the fallout from the show, which has been criticized by GLAAD and other LGBTQ advocacy groups for containing transphobic content.

Last week, co-CEO Ted Sarandos also wrote in a memo that the company has “a strong belief that content on screen doesn’t directly translate to real-world harm.”

Three employees, including one who identifies as trans and queer, were briefly suspended from the company last week for reportedly crashing a leadership meeting.

In response, employees are staging a walkout for Wednesday outside the company’s Hollywood headquarters, where they will present a list of demands to Sarandos.

“When I’m in philanthropy, I don’t talk about Netflix or try and promote Netflix, or answer questions on Netflix,” he told Boorstin, adding that he’s “Very disciplined about keeping those worlds separate.”

Netflix Co-Founder Reed Hastings M.S. ’88 And France Córdova ’69 To Speak At 2022 Commencement Ceremonies

President of the Science Philanthropy Alliance France Córdova ’69 and Netflix co-founder and co-CEO Reed Hastings M.S. ’88 will speak at this year’s commencement ceremonies on June 11 and June 12, respectively, according to a recent University announcement.

This year’s commencement will feature two in-person ceremonies for both the Class of 2022 and the Class of 2020.

Hastings will address 2022 graduates, while Córdova will address 2020 graduates along with 2021 graduates who were unable to attend their commencement ceremony, according to Stanford News.

“Although many know him as the co-founder and co-CEO of Netflix, Reed Hastings’ diverse experiences, not just as a business leader but also in public service, exemplify what it means to do well and do good,” Senior Class Presidents Maya Guzdar, Juyon Lee, Nidhi Mahale and Shreyas Parab told Stanford News.

After receiving a B.A. from Bowdoin College, Hastings worked for the Peace Corps, teaching high school math in Swaziland.

Following her time at UC Riverside, Córdova became the 11th President of Purdue University, where she is credited for leading the school to “Record levels” in funding, rankings and retention.

“We are fortunate that Reed Hastings and France Córdova will be sharing their insights and wisdom, and we look forward to experiencing again so many of the traditions that make Commencement at Stanford a memorable, meaningful time for our graduates and their loved ones.” President Marc Tessier-Lavigne told Stanford News.

Netflix Founder Reed Hastings: Make As Few Decisions As Possible

Hastings prides himself on making as few decisions as possible, and he lets his team dream up new products and new initiatives.

“I take pride in making as few decisions as possible, as opposed to making as many as possible,” Hastings says.

“You have to fight the idea that as you get bigger, the culture gets worse. At Netflix, we’re significantly better because we have more brains thinking about the problem. If you have 1,000 really thoughtful people thinking about how to improve, you’ll make a lot more progress than if you have 100,” Hastings says.

You don’t have to be Steve Jobs to be a great CEO. “Without mentioning Apple or the late CEO Steve Jobs by name, Hastings says certain companies’ conception of the top job was very different than his view.”Some companies operate by the principle of the product genius at the top,” Hastings says.

“People tend to think that they need a process for everything, and once in a while you hear ‘We’re going to dummy-proof it.’ But if you dummy-proof the process, you only get dummies to work there,” Hastings says.”That’s why we’re so opposed to that and focused on giving people great freedom.

Asked to explain his thinking, Hastings says: “We were so obsessed with not being the next Kodak, the next AOL, about not being the company that clung to its roots and missed the big thing.

” In retrospect, Hastings says he realized that his timing was terrible, though he thinks the plan might have worked if existing customers were grandfathered in to avoid a price hike.

Ultrapure Commercial Industrial Water Treatment

With over 75 years of combined commercial and industrial water treatment experience, Ultrapure can provide solutions specific to your industry and needs.

With an understanding that every customer is unique, the Ultrapure team has the expertise to implement the most cost-effective means of producing purified water to meet all required specifications.

The Different Varieties & Their Uses

Ultrapure water is water that has been purified to high levels of specification.

Ultrapure water dispensed by ELGA’s water purification systems has been shown to be free from trace contaminants to meet the demands of instruments used for trace element analysis.

The composition of ultrapure water makes it quite unstable, as water doesn’t like to be in an ultrapure state.

To achieve the correct water purity for a particular application, in a cost-effective manner, we arrange a combination of different technologies and optimize their operation.

Questions?Ask our approved partners any questions you still have Choosing which water type the ELGA Way -it is as easy as I, II, III. So our experts have done the hard work for you! In our latest white paper, we have created an easy-to-use system that classifies water purity into broad types as well as a more detailed list of common applications and the water purity they require.

The potential impact of water contaminants on everyday laboratory uses.

How lab water is purified and the different types of water that can be obtained.

Ultrapure Water

Ultrapure water, high-purity water or highly purified water is water that has been purified to uncommonly stringent specifications.

The amount of electronic-grade or molecular-grade water used by the semiconductor industry is comparable to the water consumption of a small city; a single factory can utilize ultrapure water at a rate of 2 MGD, or ~5500 m3/day.

Type Use Bacteriostatic water for injection Diluent for ophthalmic and multiple-dose injections Sterile water for inhalation Diluent for inhalation therapy products Sterile water for injection Diluent for injections Sterile water for irrigation Diluent for internal irrigation therapy products Water for injections in bulk Water for the bulk preparation of medicines for parenteral administration.

Typical guidance documents to consult at the time of writing are: FDA Guide to Inspections of High Purity Water Systems, High Purity Water Systems, the EMEA CPMP/CVMP Note for Guidance on Quality of Water for Pharmaceutical Use, and USP Monograph <1231> Water For Pharmaceutical Purposes.

The test method covers sampling and analysis of high purity water from water purification systems and water transmission systems by the direct sampling tap and filtration of the sample collected in the bag.

Some additional water treatment may be required for any of these cases depending on the quality of the spent rinse water and the application of the reclaimed water.

Modern Ultrapure Water systems are very effective at removing ionic contamination down to parts per trillion levels whereas organic contamination of ultrapure water systems is still in the parts per billion levels.

Ultrapure Water Systems

Ultrapure is the word used to describe water that meets strict limits on many or all of the following: biological organisms, organic carbon, dissolved and suspended solids, and dissolved gases.

Ultrapure water is also used in dialysis, research, and medical applications.

Water must meet strict purity standards in order to be considered ultrapure.

Ultrapure water standards are established and published by several standards-setting organizations, such as: AAMI, USP, ASTM, ANSI, CAP, ISO 3696, and NCCLS. The ASTM, NCCLS, and ISO 3696 classify purified water as Type I, Type II, or Type III, with Type III being the least purified and Type I being the purest water.

WaterProfessionals® has been installing ultrapure water systems for many years, and can develop an efficient system producing exactly the correct type of ultrapure water needed for your application.

In addition to producing different water purity levels, our ultrapure water systems can be customized to accommodate various flow rates.

Review our case studies which illustrate our experience in meeting your Ultrapure water needs.

Virtual Currency Definition

The term virtual currency came into existence in 2012, when the European Central Bank defined it to classify types of “Digital money in an unregulated environment, issued and controlled by its developers and used as a payment method among members of a specific virtual community.” The Internal Revenue Service in the United States describes virtual currencies as “Digital representations of value that function as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange.”

Closed virtual currency A closed virtual currency, as the name suggests, operates in a controlled and private ecosystem.

It cannot be converted into another virtual currency or into a real-world fiat currency.

Open virtual currency Open virtual currencies are also known as convertible virtual currencies because they can be converted to other forms of money.

What are the different types of virtual currencies? Depending on the type of network they operate in, virtual currencies can be divided into open and closed virtual currencies.

What are the advantages of virtual currencies? Virtual currencies do not require manufacturing or physical storage costs.

What are the disadvantages of virtual currencies? The digital makeup of virtual currencies makes them attractive targets for hackers.

Definition, Types, Examples, How It Works?

Virtual currency is a type of digital currency representing the value in a digital format, and it is active in the virtual community.

Virtual currency refers to a currency available in digital form only.

One of the methods is using real money or VCs to buy the other VCs. Another method is virtual currency mining.

Other examples include developers paying crypto dividends to the customers for holding their VCs and playing games to get VC, like players getting virtual currency in the NBA 2k21 game.

Frequently Asked Questions What is an example of virtual currency? Bitcoin is one of the examples of VC. It is the most popular and largest cryptocurrency based on market share.

Is virtual currency a good investment? The virtual currency meaning points to a VC market that is highly volatile, and investors can expect new lows or highs since the future is uncertain.

Recommended Articles This has been a guide to What are Virtual Currency & its Definition.

Overview, Types, Advantages And Disadvantages

Virtual currency is a type of unregulated digital currency.

SummaryVirtual currency is a type of unregulated digital currency that is not issued or controlled by a central bank.

In terms of legal status, there are two major types of virtual currencies – centralized and decentralized.

The central administrator of a virtual currency is typically the issuer of that currency.

Virtual currency is a subset of digital currency, and cryptocurrency is a subset of virtual currency.

A regulated digital currency is issued by a country’s central bank and can be denominated to a sovereign currency.

Cryptocurrency refers to a type of virtual currency that implements cryptography technology to secure and authenticate currency transactions.

Everything You Need To Know

Virtual currency refers to any digital currency which is only available in an electronic form and not as a physical form of money.

According to IRS Notice 2014-21, “The sale or exchange of convertible virtual currency, or the use of convertible virtual currency to pay for goods or services in a real-world economy transaction, has tax consequences that may result in a tax liability.” This means, per IRS determination, virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, are treated as property, and subject to tax regulations.

The taxation of virtual currencies will be determined by fair market value, as judged by the date on which the digital currency was received.

Any individual who mines virtual currencies must report these transactions on their tax returns, as this is considered a form of self-employment income by the IRS. Similarly, any wages garnered from an employer or customer paid in virtual currency as renumeration for work done must be reported, as outlined in IRS Publication 535.Penalties for Not Reporting Virtual Currency.

Failing to report virtual currencies on tax returns may result in the individual or entity being subject to penalties as stated in IRS Tax Code Section 6662 for accuracy-related penalties, or failure of reporting penalties, as outlined under Sections 6721 and 6722.

Failing to comply with the US tax code concerning virtual currency reporting is a serious matter.

If you knowingly or willfully hid digital assets from the US government, you may become subject to – not only to stiff fines and penalties, but also a criminal investigation by the Department of Justice and IRS. As the failure to correctly report virtual currencies presents the possibility of severe financial penalties, if you believe you are subject to the tax issues raised above it is essential that you contact an experienced tax attorney immediately.

There’s a key question about cryptocurrency on the front page of your tax return this season.

If you’re one of the millions of Americans who own cryptocurrency, there’s a key question to answer this tax season.

Over the past couple of years, the IRS has stepped up crypto reporting with a yes-or-no question about “Virtual currency” on the front page of your tax return.

Many crypto investors sell or exchange more frequently, according to a CNBC survey, triggering short-term capital gains, levied at regular income tax rates, up to 37% for top earners.

What’s worse, figuring out your basis to calculate your crypto tax bill may not be easy with limited reporting from digital currency exchanges.

It may be considered tax evasion or fraud, said David Canedo, a Milwaukee-based CPA and tax specialist product manager at Accointing, a crypto tracking and tax reporting tool.

“The No. 1 way the IRS finds out about tax cheats is a former business partner or former spouse,” he said.

The growing prevalence of virtual currency as a payment method likewise brings greater exposure to sanctions risks-like the risk that a sanctioned person or a person in a jurisdiction subject to sanctions might be involved in a virtual currency transaction.

The most comprehensive sanctions programs that OFAC administers typically include several or all of the following types of sanctions, while other sanctions programs may only employ some of these options: Broad trade-based sanctions or embargoes prohibit dealings with an entire country or geographic region, unless exempt or authorized.

To learn more about other sanctions lists maintained by OFAC, visit OFAC’s “Other OFAC Sanctions Lists” webpage.

As sanctioned persons and countries become more desperate for access to the U.S. financial system, it is vital that the virtual currency industry prioritize cybersecurity and implement effective sanctions compliance controls to mitigate the risk of sanctioned persons and other actors exploiting virtual currencies to undermine U.S. foreign policy interests and national security.

Depending on the authorities governing each sanctions program, others may also be required to adhere to OFAC sanctions requirements.

Such companies should consider sanctions compliance during the testing and review process so that sanctions compliance can be accounted for as technologies are being developed and prior to launching a new product.

Examples of risk indicators may be individuals or entities who: Provide inaccurate or incomplete customer identification or KYC information when attempting to open an account Attempt to access a virtual currency exchange from an IP address or VPN connected to a sanctioned jurisdiction Are non-responsive or refuse to provide updated customer identification or KYC information Are  non-responsive or refuse to provide additional transaction information in response to a virtual currency company’s request Attempt to transact with a virtual currency address associated with a blocked person or sanctioned jurisdiction Additionally, as appropriate, “Red flags” indicative of money laundering or other illicit financial activity may also be indicative of potential sanctions evasion.

Virtual Currency

Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a digital currency that is largely unregulated and issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted electronically among the members of a specific virtual community.

In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as “a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public authority, nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of payment and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically.” A digital currency issued by a central bank is referred to as a central bank digital currency.

In 2012, the European Central Bank defined virtual currency as “a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community”.

In 2013, US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, a bureau of the US Treasury, in contrast to its regulations defining currency as “The coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance”, also called “Real currency” by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as “a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency”.

A virtual currency that can be bought with and sold back is called a convertible currency.

In February 2015 the ECB concluded “Virtual currency schemes, such as Bitcoin, are not full forms of money as usually defined in economic literature, nor are virtual currencies money or currency from a legal perspective. Nevertheless, Virtual currency may substitute [for] banknotes and coins, scriptural money and e-money in certain payment situations”.

Virtual currencies are defined as “a digital representation of value that is not issued or guaranteed by a central bank or a public authority, is not necessarily attached to a legally established currency and does not possess a legal status of currency or money, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of exchange and which can be transferred, stored and traded electronically”.

What Is Numeric Relay

We previously learned about different types of relays, and Numerical Relay was one of them, so today we will focus more on this type of relay.

Numeric relays are the evolved form of a static and electromagnetic relay.

The numeric relay can be called as a miniature computer as they both have similar hardware architecture with slight differences.

Numerical relay has two memories, RAM and ROM. Random Access Memory is responsible for retaining the input data to the relay and processing the data during compilation.

As of in a computer, a relay also has serial and parallel ports for connecting the relay with control and communication systems in the substation.

Distance: This type of relay is operated based on the distance between the impedance of the fault and the position of the relay.

Voltage restraint over current relay: The relay is activated only if both the under-voltage and overcurrent conditions occur at the same time.

Numeric Relay Overview: Working And Types

We’ve heard about various kinds of relays before, and Numerical Relay was one of them, so we’re going to concentrate more on this kind of relay today.

The formed type of a static and electromagnetic relay is numeric relays.

As with a computer, a relay also has serial and parallel ports to link the relay to the substation’s control and communication systems.

Distance: The function of this type of relay is dependent on the distance between the fault impedance and the location of the relay.

Numerical relay is the relay in which the measured AC quantities are sequentially sampled and converted into numerical data that is mathematically and/or logically processed to make trip decisions.

Numerical relay is actually the digital relay as a unit for which manufacturers has developed standardized hardware, which can be used in conjunction with suitably developed software to meet variety of production requirements and applications.

The overcurrent relay of IDMT is the relay that starts to operate after the intended time delay.

The Essentials Of Numerical Relays, Their Features And Important Considerations

Numerical relays are natural developments of digital relays due to advances in technology.

Ok, let’s start with introduction to numerical relays, then explaining their additional features and at the end to discuss important considerations regarding software, data management, etc.

Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 show typical numerical relays, while Figure 4 and Figure 5 show typical numerical relay boards.

Practical experience indicates that numerical relays are as reliable as relays of earlier technologies.

The introduction of numerical relays replaces some of the issues of previous generations of relays with new ones.

A numerical relay usually provides many more features than a relay using static or electromechanical technology.

Numerical relays perform many more functions than earlier generations of relays so testing them is more complex.

Numerical Relay

The digital protective relay is a protective relay that uses a microprocessor to analyze power system voltages, currents or other process quantities for the purpose of detection of faults in an electric power system or industrial process system.

It is capable of analyzing whether the relay should trip or restrain from tripping based on parameters set by the user, compared against many functions of its analogue inputs, relay contact inputs, timing and order of event sequences.

The relay may have an extensive collection of settings, beyond what can be entered via front panel knobs and dials, and these settings are transferred to the relay via an interface with a PC, and this same PC interface may be used to collect event reports from the relay.

By contrast, an electromechanical protective relay converts the voltages and currents to magnetic and electric forces and torques that press against spring tensions in the relay.

The tension of the spring and taps on the electromagnetic coils in the relay are the main processes by which a user sets such a relay.

In transmission line and generator protection, by the mid-1990s the digital relay had nearly replaced the solid state and electro-mechanical relay in new construction.

While the great majority of feeder relays in new applications today are digital, the solid state relay still sees some use where simplicity of the application allows for simpler relays, which allows one to avoid the complexity of digital relays.

What Is Numerical Relay? Its Function And Advantages

The numerical relay is one of electrical base of the software protection against to detect the natural & unnatural fault in the electrical machinery.

Numerical relay is also a digital system, which is concisely communicating with substation automation.

First of all we need to know what is Numerical Relay? Numerical protection helps to protect electrical power system, transformer & distribution system from the various types of damages.

The physical design of numerical protection relay is smaller & compact size, which is mean the panel need minimum wiring than equivalent functions implemented.

In case of numerical relay find very fewer interconnections ensure reliability.

Ashida Electronics multi function of numerical relay according to every power system requirement.

Your get benefits from numerical relay like micro compact size, auto reset & communication function.

Working Of Numerical Relays: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Numerical Relays working explained in this post with the help of a Numerical relay used in industrial applications.

These are the advanced version of relays by using microprocessor and programming software these relays work.

Advantages of Numerical Relays: Numerical relay consists of many functions in one relay thus replace many traditional relays with one.

The main advantage of Numerical relays is communication between relays and other equipment in the network is possible for doing automation of the system.

Any numerical relay usually consists of the following essential parts.

Front side of any Numerical Relays usually have the following components.

The following are the various types of numerical relays.

What Is Numerical Protection Relay

What is numerical protection relay? Numerical relay consists of many functions in one relay thus replace many traditional relays with one.

The main advantage of Numerical relays is communication between relays and other equipment in the network is possible for doing automation of the system.

Any numerical relay usually consists of the following essential parts.

Front side of any Numerical Relays usually have the following components.

Relay back side usually consist of different Terminal Blocks [TB] for giving the Digital and Analog inputs, outputs.

Relay communication is provided with the following protocols.

The following are some of the various types of numerical relays.

Flue-Gas Desulphurization

Mine reclamation accounts for about half of beneficially used FGD, and the FGD gypsum used in the production of wallboard utilizes the next largest volume of FGD. Cement manufacture, construction of structural fills, and agricultural applications each utilizes significant volumes of FGD products.

FGD is a set of technologies used to remove SO2 from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide-emitting processes.

Most FGD technologies use an alkali sorbent, such as limestone, quicklime, hydrated lime, or sometimes sodium and magnesium carbonate and ammonia, to capture the acidic sulfur compounds from the flue gas.

Usually the plant is located downstream of the electrostatic precipitator so that most of the fly ash generated from combustion is removed before the gas reaches the FGD plant.

Wet FGD systems tend to utilize sorbent more efficiently than dry processes and typically can reduce SO2 emissions by more than 90%. Dry FGD systems are more easily retrofitted onto existing combustion facilities.

Provide detailed chemical and mineralogical data on a range of flue gas desulfurization products, including materials from fluidized-bed combustion systems as well as FGD units fitted to pulverized fuel plants.

These FGD-related technologies include: coal and flue gas chemical additives with fixed-bed catalysts to increase levels of oxidized mercury in the flue gas; and wet FGD chemical additives to promote mercury capture and prevent re-emission of previously captured mercury from the FGD absorber vessel.

Emerson.com Best Practices Flue Gas Desulfurization – Installation What is Flue Gas Desulfurization? How should the FDM be installed for optimum performance? FGD is a set of technologies used to remove Sulfur Dioxide from exhaust flue gases in coal, oil-fired, and wasteto-energy power stations.

The correct installation of the FDM in this application is critical.

So the following topics/guidelines need to be considered for each installation.

MC-001976 ‘Slurry Installation Best Practices’ provides general guidelines for the installation of the FDM in slurry measurement applications, but these guidelines provide additional information specifically related to the installation of the FDM in a Flue Gas Desulfurization process.

For larger diameter pipes, a T-Piece installation can be used.

For small diameter pipes, a Free-Stream installation can be used.

Page 4 Vertical Pipeline Best Practices Flue Gas Desulfurization – Installation Free-Stream Installation Vertical Pipe Free-Stream Horizontal Pipe dimensions are identical, but FDM is rotated through 90° so that vibrating tines are vertical Installation Summary About Micro Motion For over 35 years, Emerson’s Micro Motion has been a technology leader delivering the most precise flow, density and concentration measurement devices for fiscal applications, process control and process monitoring.

What Is Flue Gas Desulfurization?

Flue gas desulfurization is the process of removing sulphur compounds from the exhaust emissions of fossil-fueled power stations.

Flue gas is the emitted material produced when fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas, or wood are burned for heat or power.

Flue gas desulfurization is often treated in a dedicated wastewater facility rather than a plant’s existing wastewater treatment system, allowing facilities to meet strict FGD wastewater discharge limits.

Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is an industrial byproduct generated during the flue gas desulfurization process in coal-fired power plants.

Flue gas desulfurization systems have been used to limit the release of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants since the late 1960s, but in the past decade the production of FGDG has drastically decreased.

Untreated flue gas from power plants, industrial facilities, and other sources can significantly impact local and regional air quality.

The gas then moves on to a denitrification unit that alters the chemical composition of nitrogen oxides, producing nitrogen gas rather than nitrogen oxides.

Approximately 85% of the FGD systems installed in the US are wet systems, 12% are spray dry and 3% are dry systems.

b. Temperature: For wet scrubbers, typical inlet gas temperatures are 150°C to 370°C. For spray dry systems, the temperature of the flue gas exiting the absorber must be 10°C to 15°C above the adiabatic saturation temperature.

Optimal temperatures for SO2 removal for dry sorbent injection systems range from 150°C to 180°C. Optimal temperatures for SO2 removal when applying dry sorbent injection systems vary between 150°C to 1000°C depending on the sorbent properties c. Pollutant Loading: SO2 scrubbers are limited to dilute SO2 waste gas streams of approximately 2000 ppm.

Regenerable systems recycle the sorbent back into the system.

Wet Systems In a wet scrubber system, flue gas is ducted to a spray tower where an aqueous slurry of sorbent is injected into the flue gas.

Dry systems Dry sorbent injection systems, pneumatically inject powdered sorbent directly into the furnace, the economizer, or downstream ductwork.

The injection must occur at flue gas temperatures between 150°C to 180°C. EPA-CICA Fact Sheet 4 Flue Gas Desulfurization Dry sorbent systems typically use calcium and sodium based alkaline reagents.

Flue-Gas Desulfurization

The International Maritime Organization has adopted guidelines on the approval, installation and use of exhaust gas scrubbers onboard ships to ensure compliance with the sulphur regulation of MARPOL Annex VI. Flag States must approve such systems and port States can ensure that such systems are functioning correctly.

In wet scrubbing systems, the flue gas normally passes first through a fly ash removal device, either an electrostatic precipitator or a baghouse, and then into the SO2-absorber.

As explained above, alkaline sorbents are used for scrubbing flue gases to remove SO2.

A new, emerging flue gas desulfurization technology has been described by the IAEA. It is a radiation technology where an intense beam of electrons is fired into the flue gas at the same time as ammonia is added to the gas.

Flue gas desulfurization scrubbers have been applied to combustion units firing coal and oil that range in size from 5 MW to 1500 MW. Scottish Power are spending £400 million installing FGD at Longannet power station, which has a capacity of over 2 GW. Dry scrubbers and spray scrubbers have generally been applied to units smaller than 300 MW. FGD has been fitted by RWE npower at Aberthaw Power Station in south Wales using the seawater process and works successfully on the 1580MW plant.

Approximately 85% of the flue gas desulfurization units installed in the US are wet scrubbers, 12% are spray dry systems, and 3% are dry injection systems.

The newer designs for dry scrubbers are capable of achieving efficiencies in the order of 90%. In spray drying and dry injection systems, the flue gas must first be cooled to about 10-20 °C above adiabatic saturation to avoid wet solids deposition on downstream equipment and plugging of baghouses.

What Is Flue-Gas Desulfurization?

Flue-gas desulfurization is the removal process of sulfur dioxide from flue gas emissions, often chemically.

FGD processes vary depending on the amount of SO2 involved, the solution being used to absorb the SO2, and the particular equipment used in the absorption tower.

Flue-gas desulfurization is an absorption process by which sulfur dioxide in flue gas from fossil-fuel power plants and from the emissions of other sulfur-oxide-emitting processes can be controlled.

SNOX flue gas desulfurization removing sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates from flue gases.

In wet scrubbing systems, the flue gas normally passes first through a fly ash removal device, either an electrostatic precipitator or a wet scrubber, and then into the SO2 absorber.

In dry injection or spray drying operations, the SO2 is first reacted with the sorbent, and then the flue gas passes through a particulate control device.

The flue gas exiting the absorber is saturated with water and still contains some SO2.

The Flue Gas Desulfurization Process: Staying ELG-Compliant

In the U.S., ELG rules regulate wastewater discharges from coal-fired power plants and IGCC power plant wastewaters utilized in flue gas air pollution control systems or solid waste handling systems.

The process of FGD is designed to absorb the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas before it is released.

Dry FGD. In the process of dry scrubbing injection systems, lime is used as a reagent to react and remove gaseous pollutants.

Each process injects lime into flue gas to remove SO2.

A dry injection process injects dry hydrated lime directly into the flue gas duct, whereas the spray dry system injects atomized lime slurry into a separate vessel.

Flue gas desulfurization wastewater can be effectively and efficiently treated using large filter presses or large vacuum belt filters for very large sludge production.

The FGS sludge dewatering process results in formation of large volumes of dry filter cake for proper disposal in a landfill.

Designer Vinyl Sheet Flooring

With classic shapes, bold accents and authentic wood looks, our vinyl sheet flooring has unique designs and styles that never go out of fashion.

The pioneer of waterproof flooring, our Luxury Vinyl Sheet and Resilient flooring are waterproof, kid and pet friendly and easy to maintain.

Why Choose Mannington’s Vinyl Sheet Floors? Award-winning style and design When it comes to performance, our vinyl sheet floors are second to none, featuring exclusive technologies like ScratchResist® for resistance to everyday household scratches.

With both wood and tile looks that offer a realistic representation, our waterproof vinyl sheet flooring is ideal for high-moisture rooms such as bathrooms, laundry rooms, and kitchens, because it can be installed without seams.

All Mannington vinyl sheet floors are made in the USA All Mannington floors are FloorScore® certified which means they are independently tested and meet stringent indoor air quality standards.

This certification also qualifies all of our floors for low VOCs.

Sheet Vinyl Flooring Styles

Sheet vinyl flooring comes in large, flexible sheets as opposed to vinyl plank or luxury vinyl tile.

Since sheets are larger than planks or tiles, vinyl sheet flooring also allows for much bigger patterns and designs, with less seams.

Sheet vinyl flooring offered by Empire is a great choice for rooms or areas in your home that need to look great and last.

Choosing the right vinyl sheet flooring is an important decision and Empire will help you choose the perfect floor that will last as well as finish any room.

When you choose one of our quality vinyl sheet flooring options, a flooring professional will schedule your installation around your schedule!

A flooring professional will visit you at your home, around your schedule, and bring vinyl sheet flooring samples.

The flooring professional will measure all of the rooms and areas for installation, and the professional installation team will move your furniture, and install your new vinyl sheet flooring, and clean up when the job is done.

Sheet Vinyl Flooring

Sheet vinyl flooring is vinyl flooring that comes in large, continuous, flexible sheets.

A vinyl sheet floor is completely impermeable to water, unlike vinyl floor tile, which comes in stiff tiles, and vinyl planks, which come in interlocking strips.

Custom-print vinyl sheet flooring may cost an order of magnitude more, if ordered commercially,.

The thickness of the sheet and the wear layer determines the durability of the floor; unlike linoleum, vinyl flooring is usually not homogeneous, and once it wears through the print layer, it will be obviously damaged.

Sheet flooring may also be used with conventional skirting board, in imitation of rigid flooring.

Vinyl sheet flooring is usually made with skeuomorphic patterns that imitate wood, stone, or tile.

Printable sheet vinyl flooring is now also available; it can be custom-printed by the manufacturer with any image file.

Commercial Floor Coverings

Exceptional commercial flooring solutions and designs.

Polyflor is one of the largest and most respected manufacturers of European commercial floorcoverings in the world and is also the breakthrough pioneer of eco-friendly, easy to clean, durable, and beautiful homogenous sheet vinyl.

From healthcare and education, through industry and office spaces, we have high-performing, stunning floorcoverings for your every need.

Durable Flooring Solutions You Can Depend On. The flooring solutions that Polyflor provides are as diverse as the workplaces that use them.

Our knowledgeable team will help you find the right products for your commercial space, blending design and functionality.

From healthcare and education, through industry and office spaces, we have the right floorcoverings for your needs.

Polyflor Ltd.

Established in 1915 Polyflor Ltd, part of James Halstead Plc, have pioneered the production of homogeneous vinyl floorcoverings from their world class manufacturing site in Whitefield, Manchester.

The Polyflor brand is synonymous with attractive, high performance floorcoverings that have been designed, developed and refined over many years of experience and which are ideally suited for commercial applications, from the health, education and leisure sectors, to retail and specialist clean room environments.

Durability and low maintenance are key features of the Polyflor product portfolio.

Polyflor continues to place great emphasis on progress and investment and to ensure the company continues to meet the high expectations of architects, specifiers and building owners all the world, Polyflor have introduced the Expona Art & Design Collection that is a range of design-led tiles inspired by wood, stone, metals and natural materials.

Other ranges include the re-launched Kudos PU and Camaro PU. To complement this the Polyflor Designs Service can turn design thoughts into reality with the creation of bespoke logos or schemes and by using the extensive array of borders, features and overall floor designs.

At Polyflor we are committed to giving our customers the best possible products along with the high level of service they have come to expect.

In covering the world, you can be sure that Polyflor are committed to improving and protecting our environment for the future an even brighter future with Polyflor.

Jobs, Reviews & Salaries

The only issue I faced was the unsociable working hours as I cleaned in the evening up until 9pm which no longer matched my schedule.

Was made to feel comfortable but had issues with the supervisor.

Also came up with the excuse I couldn’t get a reference.

There is little organisation and the constant feeling like you working against others on the company, there is no feeling your part of a bigger team.

When you start you’ll be shown to your work area tends to be in teams and youll be trained you don’t move around alot, your never alone.

The work is easy to understand can have a bit of manual labour but every effort is made to avoid it, team leaders and management are great, really down to earth and willing to work with you, and if you have suggestions they’ll listen and take it on board, pays good, qorking week can get a bit long but it easy work so not a problem.

Help fellow jobseekers by sharing your unique experience.

Forbo Holding AG Stock Quote

Forbo Holding AG engages in the manufacture and trade of floorings, adhesives, and conveyor technology.

It operates through the following divisions: Flooring Systems and Movement Systems.

The Flooring Systems division includes commercial and residential floor coverings and segments.

The Flooring Systems segment develops, produces, and sells linoleum, vinyl floorings, entrance flooring systems, carpet tiles; needle felt floor coverings, Flotex, the washable textile flooring, and building and construction adhesives.

The Movement Systems segment produces conveyor and processing belts, transmission flat, plastic modular, and timing belts.

The company was founded in 1928 and is headquartered in Baar, Switzerland.

What Is Current Forbo Holdings Ownership?

Forbo Holdings Investors SentimentThe influence of Forbo Holdings’ investor sentiment on the probability of its price appreciation or decline could be a good factor in your decision-making process regarding taking a position in Forbo.

Some tools to gauge market sentiment could be utilized using contrarian indexes, Forbo Holdings’ short interest history, or implied volatility extrapolated from Forbo Holdings options trading.

Macroaxis portfolio users are insensible in their opinion about investing in Forbo Holdings Ag. What is your opinion about investing in Forbo Holdings Ag? Are you bullish or bearish?

When running Forbo Holdings Ag price analysis, check to measure Forbo Holdings’ market volatility, profitability, liquidity, solvency, efficiency, growth potential, financial leverage, and other vital indicators.

We have many different tools that can be utilized to determine how healthy Forbo Holdings is operating at the current time.

Macroaxis theme ratings are based on combination of fundamental analysis and risk-adjusted market performanceGoPattern RecognitionUse different Pattern Recognition models to time the market across multiple global exchangesGoIs Forbo Holdings’ industry expected to grow? Or is there an opportunity to expand the business’ product line in the future? Factors like these will boost the valuation of Forbo Holdings.

The market value of Forbo Holdings Ag is measured differently than its book value, which is the value of Forbo that is recorded on the company’s balance sheet.

Forbo Holding AG, FORN:SWX Profile

Forbo Holding AG is Switzerland-based producer of floor coverings, adhesives, power transmission and conveyor belt solutions.

It operates in three business divisions: Flooring Systems, Bonding Systems and Movement systems.

The Flooring Systems division offers environmentally friendly linoleum, vinyl floorings, entrance flooring systems and carpet tiles.

The Bonding Systems division concentrates on industrial adhesive products, ready-made adhesives and synthetic polymers used in the paper processing, packaging and the furniture industry.

The Movement Systems division offers power transmission belts, conveyor and processing belts, as well as plastic modular, timing and flat belts made of synthetic materials.

It operates though numerous subsidiaries located in Australia, Canada, Japan, India, Finland and Denmark, among others.

All content on FT.com is for your general information and use only and is not intended to address your particular requirements.

Forbo Holding AG

Forbo Holding AG based in Baar ZG is a globally operating Swiss manufacturer of floor coverings and building and construction adhesives as well as power transmission and light conveyor belts.

The Flooring Systems division is specialized in linoleum, vinyl floor coverings, entrance matting systems, carpet tiles, needle felt coverings and Flotex.

Movement Systems is specialized in power transmission belts, transport and process belts, plastic modular belts as well as toothed and flat belts of synthetic materials.

The products are sold under the brand name of Siegling and are used in a wide range of areas in industrial, trade and services companies, for example as process belts in the food industry, as treadmill belts in fitness studios or as flat belts in mail distribution systems.

In 1994 Forbo took over Siegling, a company specialized in power transmission and light conveyor belts based in Hanover, Germany.

The linoleum and vinyl activities were fused with Forbo Flooring, and at the same time the three strategic divisions of floor coverings, adhesives and plastic belts were formed.

2007: new branding and growth strategy; the three core divisions are renamed Flooring Systems, Bonding Systems and Movement Systems, and pursue an integrated corporate strategy under the umbrella brand Forbo.